Iphampu ye-hydraulic iguqula amandla emishini abe amandla asebenza ngamanzi ngokukhiqiza ukugeleza koketshezi. Ngokuphambene, i-hydraulic motor iguqula amandla we-hydraulic abe umsebenzi wemishini. Amaphampu we-Hydraulic afinyelela ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric ephezulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okukhethekile, okuwenza asebenze kangcono ekukhiqizeni ukugeleza kunamamotho asebenzisa lokho kugeleza kokukhipha ngomshini.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
- Amaphampu asebenzisa i-hydraulic anyakazisa uketshezi ngokuguqula amandla ayimishini abe ukugeleza koketshezi.Izinjini zeHydraulicshintsha amandla oketshezi abe ngumsebenzi wemishini. Ukwazi lokhu kusiza ukukhetha ingxenye efanele yamasistimu asebenza ngamanzi.
- Amaphampu nezinjini kwesinye isikhathi zingashintsha izindima, zibonise ukuguquguquka kwazo. Leli khono lisiza ukonga amandla kumasistimu afana nama-hydrostatic transmissions.
- Amaphampu nezinjini zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Amaphampu ahlose ukumisa ukuvuza kwamanziukugeleza okungcono. Ama-Motor agxile ekudaleni amandla amaningi, abizwa nge-torque. Khetha izingxenye ngokusekelwe kulokho okudingwa yisistimu.
Ukufana Phakathi kwamaphampu we-Hydraulic kanye neMotor
Ukuhlehla Komsebenzi
Amaphampu we-Hydraulic nama-motorkhombisa ukuguqulwa okuyingqayizivele emisebenzini yabo. Lesi sici sibavumela ukuthi bashintshane ngezindima ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ama-hydraulic motors angasebenza njengamaphampu lapho amandla emishini ewaqhuba ukuze akhiqize ukugeleza koketshezi.
- Ngokufanayo, amaphampu asebenza ngogesi angasebenza njengamamotho ngokuguqula ukugeleza koketshezi kube amandla emishini.
- Womabili la madivayisi abelana ngezakhi zesakhiwo, njengama-rotor, ama-pistons, nama-casings, okwenza lokhu kuguquguquke.
- Umgomo wokusebenza wokushintsha umthamo wokusebenza usiza ikhono labo lokumunca nokukhipha uwoyela ngempumelelo.
Lokhu kubuyiselwa emuva kufakazela ukuthi kunenzuzo ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuguqulwa kwamandla aqondiswa kabili, njengama-hydrostatic transmission.
Izimiso Zokusebenza Okuhlanganyelwe
Amaphampu namamotho asebenza nge-hydraulic asebenza ngezimiso ezifanayo, ancike ekushintsheni kwevolumu yokusebenza evaliwe ukuze enze imisebenzi yawo ngokulandelana kwawo. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa izimiso zabo ezabiwe kanye nezici zokusebenza:
| Isici | Iphampu yeHydraulic | I-Hydraulic Motor |
|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi | Iguqula amandla emishini abe amandla asebenza ngamanzi | Iguqula amandla adonswa ngamanzi abe amandla emishini |
| Isimiso Sokusebenza | Incike ekushintsheni kwevolumu yokusebenza evaliwe | Incike ekushintsheni kwevolumu yokusebenza evaliwe |
| Ukusebenza kahle Focus | Ukusebenza kahle kwevolumu | Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini |
| Isivinini Izimpawu | Isebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu esizinzile | Isebenza ngesivinini esibanzi, ngokuvamile isivinini esiphansi |
| Izimpawu Zengcindezi | Iletha umfutho ophezulu ngesivinini esilinganiselwe | Ifinyelela ukucindezela okukhulu ngesivinini esiphansi noma esiyiziro |
| Isiqondiso Sokugeleza | Ivamise ukuba nesiqondisindlela esigxilile sokuzungezisa | Imvamisa idinga isiqondiso sokuphenduka esiguquguqukayo |
| Ukufakwa | Ivamise ukuba nesisekelo, akukho mthwalo oseceleni ku-drive shaft | Ingathwala i-radial load evela ezingxenyeni ezinamathiselwe |
| Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa | Ihlangabezana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okunensayo | Ingase ibe nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe |
Womabili amadivaysi ancike ku-fluid dynamics kanye nezinguquko zengcindezi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguqulwa kwamandla. Lesi sisekelo esabiwe siqinisekisa ukuhambisana ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-hydraulic.
Ukufana Kwesakhiwo
Amaphampu we-hydraulic kanye namamotho abelana ngokufana kwesakhiwo okuningana, okufaka isandla ekusebenzelaneni kwawo okusebenzayo. Ukufana okubalulekile kufaka:
- Womabili la madivayisi afaka izingxenye ezifana namasilinda, amaphistoni, namavalvu, alawula ukugeleza koketshezi nomfutho.
- Imiklamo yabo ihlanganisa amakamelo avaliwe ukuze kube lula ukuguqulwa kwevolumu yokusebenza.
- Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwazo, njengama-alloys aphezulu, ziqinisekisa ukuqina ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okukhulu.
Lokhu kufana kwesakhiwo kwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa futhi kuthuthukise ukushintshashintsha kwezingxenye, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngamanzi.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kwephampu Ye-Hydraulic kanye Nezimotor
Ukusebenza
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwamaphampu asebenza ngamanzi kanye namamotho usekusebenzeni kwawo. Iphampu ye-hydraulic ikhiqiza ukugeleza koketshezi ngokuguqula amandla emishini abe amandla asebenza ngamanzi. Lokhu kugeleza kudala ingcindezi edingekayo ukuze kunikwe amandla amasistimu we-hydraulic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ai-hydraulic motoryenza umsebenzi wokuhlehla. Iguqula amandla we-hydraulic abe amandla emishini, ikhiqize ukunyakaza okujikelezayo noma okuqondile ukushayela imishini.
Isibonelo, ku-excavator yokwakha, i-iphampu ye-hydraulicinika amandla isistimu ngokuletha uketshezi olucindezelwe, kuyilapho i-hydraulic motor isebenzisa lolu ketshezi ukuzungezisa amathrekhi noma ukusebenzisa ingalo. Lobu budlelwano obuhambisanayo buqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenazihibe kwamasistimu asebenza ngamanzi kuzo zonke izimboni.
Isiqondiso Sokuzungezisa
Amaphampu we-hydraulic ngokuvamile asebenza ngendlela eqondile yokuzungezisa. Idizayini yazo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu lapho izungeza ohlangothini olulodwa, oluqondana nendima yazo ekukhiqizeni ukugeleza koketshezi okungaguquki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-hydraulic motors avame ukudinga ukujikeleza kwe-bidirectional. Leli khono lizivumela ukuthi zihlehlise ukunyakaza, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezifana nama-hydrostatic transmissions noma amasistimu okuqondisa.
Ikhono lama-hydraulic motors ukuzungeza nhlangothi zombili lithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwawo. Isibonelo, ku-forklift, i-hydraulic motor yenza indlela yokuphakamisa ihambe kokubili phezulu naphansi, iqinisekisa ukulawula okunembile ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukucushwa Kwembobo
Ukucushwa kwechweba kumaphampu asebenza ngogesi namamotho ahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezindima zawo ezihlukile. Amaphampu we-hydraulic ngokuvamile afaka izimbobo zokungena neziphumayo eziklanyelwe ukuphatha uketshezi olungenayo kanye nokulukhipha kahle. Ngokuphambene, ama-hydraulic motors ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukucushwa kwembobo okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuhambisane nokugeleza kwe-bidirectional kanye nezidingo zengcindezi eguquguqukayo.
Ukucaciswa okubalulekile kobuchwepheshe kugqamisa lo mehluko:
- Injini ye-H1F, eyaziwa ngomklamo wayo ohlangene futhi ominyene wamandla, inikeza ukumiswa kwembobo okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amawele, izinhlangothi, nezinhlanganisela ze-axial. Lezi zinketho zenza kube lula ukufakwa futhi zinciphise izidingo zesikhala ezinhlelweni ezisebenza nge-hydraulic.
- Imiklamo evamile yembobo ihlanganisa i-SAE, i-DIN, ne-cartridge flange, ehlinzeka ngokuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
| Isici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Mechanical Circuit | Ibonisa isekethe elinganayo ye-hydraulic lapho i-torque ne-hydraulic pressure isebenza ngokufana. |
| Izimo zokuguquka | Ibonisa ngokunembile izimo lapho ipompo ne-motor switch izindima ekudluliseni kwe-hydrostatic. |
| Izimpawu Zechweba | Izimpawu zembobo engu-A kanye ne-B zisiza ukucacisa imiphumela esimeni esizinzile noma ekufaniseni okuguquguqukayo. |
Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokusebenza kahle ezinhlelweni zamanzi, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwamaphampu namamotho.
Ukusebenza kahle
Ukusebenza kahle kungenye into ebalulekile ehlukanisa amaphampu asebenza ngogesi kumamotho. Amaphampu we-Hydraulic abeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric, aqinisekisa ukuvuza okuncane koketshezi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokugeleza okungaguquki. Ngokuphambene, ama-hydraulic motors agxila ekusebenzeni kahle kwemishini, ethuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla we-hydraulic abe umsebenzi wemishini.
Isibonelo, ipompo ye-hydraulic esebenza ngomthamo ophezulu wevolumu ingaletha uketshezi olucindezelwe olunokulahlekelwa okuncane kwamandla. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-hydraulic motor enemishini esebenza kahle kakhulu ingakhuphula ukuphuma kwe-torque, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ezihlukene. Lo mehluko wenza ingxenye ngayinye ifaneleke ngokuhlukile indima yayo ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-hydraulic.
Isivinini sokusebenza
Amaphampu namamotho asetshenziswa yi-hydraulic akhombisa umehluko obonakalayo ngesivinini sawo sokusebenza. Amaphampu ngokuvamile asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu esizinzile ukuze agcine ukugeleza koketshezi okungaguquki. Amamotho, nokho, asebenza ebangeni elibanzi lejubane, ngokuvamile ngesivinini esiphansi, ukuze amukele izidingo zomthwalo ohlukahlukene.
Idatha yobufakazi evela ekuhlolweni okulawulwayo igqamisa lo mehluko. Ucwaningo lwezinhlelo zokudlulisa i-hydrostatic luveza ukuthi isivinini sepompo kanye ne-torque yokulayisha kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kukonke. Amapharamitha angukhiye, njengama-coefficients okulahlekelwa, ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ekuhlukeni kokusebenza phakathi kwamaphampu namamotho. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha ingxenye efanele ngokusekelwe kwizidingo zejubane nomthwalo.
Isibonelo, emishinini yezimboni, ipompo ye-hydraulic ingase isebenze ngesivinini esingaguquki ukuze inikeze uketshezi kuma-actuator amaningi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-hydraulic motor ilungisa isivinini sayo ukuze ihambisane nezidingo ezithile ze-actuator ngayinye, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okunembayo nokusebenza kahle.
Izigaba zamaphampu weHydraulic kanye neMotor
Izinhlobo zamaphampu we-Hydraulic
Amaphampu we-Hydraulic ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekuklanyweni kwawo kanye nemigomo yokusebenza. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zifaka amaphampu egiya, amaphampu e-vane, namaphampu episton. Amaphampu agiya, aziwa ngobulula nokuqina kwawo, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zezimboni. Ziletha ukugeleza okuzinzile kodwa zisebenza ngaphansi kwezingcindezi eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Amaphampu e-Vane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokusebenza okuthule, okuwenza afaneleke imishini yeselula nezinhlelo zezimoto. Amaphampu e-piston, aqashelwa amandla awo okucindezela okuphezulu, avame ukuqashwa emishinini enzima efana nemishini yokwakha kanye nomshini wokunyathelisa osebenzisa amanzi amaningi.
Isibonelo, amaphampu e-axial piston angafinyelela izingcindezi ezingaphezu kuka-6000 psi, awenze alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla amakhulu. Amaphampu e-radial piston, anomklamo wawo ohlangene, avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okukhulu lapho isikhala silinganiselwe.
Izinhlobo ze-Hydraulic Motors
Ama-Hydraulic motors aguqula amandla we-hydraulic abe ukunyakaza kwemishini. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko amagiya motors, vane motors, namapiston motors. Ama-gear motors ahlangene futhi ayabiza, avame ukusetshenziswa emishini yezolimo. Ama-Vane motors ahlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle futhi akhethwa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukulawulwa okunembile, njengamarobhothi.Ama-piston motors, aziwa ngawookukhipha itorque ephezulu, asetshenziswa emishinini esindayo njengama-excavators nama-cranes.
I-hydraulic motor, efana nohlobo lwe-radial piston, ingaletha amazinga e-torque angaphezu kuka-10,000 Nm, iyenze ifanelekele imisebenzi enzima. Ama-axial piston motors, anamandla okugudluka ahlukahlukene, anikeza ukuguquguquka kwejubane nokulawula i-torque.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza
Amaphampu we-Hydraulic namamotho enzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Isibonelo, amaphampu ashintshashintshayo alungisa amazinga okugeleza ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kumasistimu anezidingo eziguqukayo. Amaphampu agxilile okuthutha, ngokuphambene, ahlinzeka ngokugeleza okungaguquki futhi alungele amasistimu alula. Ngokufanayo, ama-hydraulic motors aklanywe ngezici eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza. Ama-motor anesivinini esikhulu asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuthutha, kuyilapho ama-motor anesivinini esiphansi, ane-torque ephezulu abalulekile kumawintshi kanye nezinsimbi zokubhoboza.
Embonini ye-aerospace, amaphampu we-hydraulic angasindi namamotho athuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo sohlelo lonke ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza. Ngokuphambene, izinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle zidinga amadizayini amelana nokugqwala ukuze amelane nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
Amaphampu we-hydraulic kanye nama-motor akha umgogodla wezinhlelo ezisebenza nge-hydraulic ngokusebenza ngokubambisana. Amaphampu akhiqiza ukugeleza koketshezi, kuyilapho izinjini ziziguqula zibe ukunyakaza komshini. Izindima zabo ezihambisanayo zibonakala kuzilinganiso zokusebenza kahle:
| Uhlobo Lwezimoto | Ukusebenza kahle (%) |
|---|---|
| I-Radial Piston | 95 |
| I-Axial Piston | 90 |
| Vane | 85 |
| Igiya | 80 |
| I-Orbital | <80 |
Amaphampu ezwa ukulayisha aphinde athuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu ngokulungisa ukususwa ukuze kufane nokugeleza nezidingo zengcindezi. Lokhu kusebenzisana kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngendlela eyongayo kuzo zonke izimboni. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusiza ochwepheshe bakhethe izingxenye ezifanele zokusebenza kwesistimu.
FAQ
Kuyini ukusebenza kahle okujwayelekile kwamaphampu asebenza ngogesi namamotho?
Amaphampu we-hydraulic ngokuvamile athola ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric ka-85-95%. Izinjini, kuye ngohlobo, zisuka ku-80% (amagiya amagiya) ziye ku-95% (ama-radial piston motors). Ukusebenza kahle kuyehluka ngokuklama nokusetshenziswa.
Ingabe amaphampu namamotho asebenza ngogesi angashintshwa kuwo wonke amasistimu?
Cha, akuwona wonke amasistimu avumela ukushintshashintsha. Nakuba amanye amadizayini asekela ukuhlehla, amanye adinga ukulungiselelwa okuqondile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusebenza, njengokugeleza okungaqondile noma imikhawulo yengcindezi.
Isivinini sokusebenza sihluke kanjani phakathi kwamaphampu namamotho?
Amaphampu we-hydraulic asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu esizinzile, ngokuvamile esidlula i-1500 RPM. Amamotho asebenza ngesivinini esishintshashintshayo, amanye amamotho anesivinini esiphansi aletha itorque ephezulu ngaphansi kuka-100 RPM.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-22-2025