Pampu ya hydraulic imasintha mphamvu zamakina kukhala mphamvu ya hydraulic popanga kutuluka kwamadzimadzi. Mosiyana ndi izi, hydraulic motor imasintha mphamvu ya hydraulic kukhala ntchito yamakina. Mapampu a Hydraulic amakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri ma volumetric chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera, kuwapangitsa kukhala ogwira mtima pakupanga kuyenda kuposa ma motors omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwa makinawo.
Zofunika Kwambiri
- Mapampu a Hydraulic amasuntha madzimadzi posintha mphamvu zamakina kukhala zotuluka zamadzimadzi.Magalimoto a Hydraulickutembenuza mphamvu yamadzimadzi kukhala ntchito yamakina. Kudziwa izi kumathandiza kusankha gawo loyenera la ma hydraulic systems.
- Mapampu ndi ma mota nthawi zina amatha kusinthana maudindo, kuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwawo. Kutha kumeneku kumathandizira kupulumutsa mphamvu mumachitidwe ngati ma hydrostatic transmissions.
- Mapampu ndi ma mota ali ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana. Mapampu amafunakuyimitsa kutuluka kwamadzimadzikwa kuyenda bwino. Ma motors amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimatchedwa torque. Sankhani magawo malinga ndi zomwe dongosolo likufuna.
Zofanana Pakati Pa Mapampu a Hydraulic ndi Ma Motors
Kusintha kwa Ntchito
Mapampu a Hydraulic ndi ma motakuwonetsa kusinthika kwapadera muzochita zawo. Makhalidwe amenewa amawathandiza kuti azisinthana maudindo pazochitika zinazake. Mwachitsanzo:
- Ma hydraulic motors amatha kugwira ntchito ngati mapampu pomwe mphamvu zamakina zimawayendetsa kuti apange kutuluka kwamadzi.
- Momwemonso, mapampu a hydraulic amatha kukhala ngati ma mota potembenuza kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina.
- Zida zonsezi zimagawana zigawo zamapangidwe, monga ma rotor, pistons, ndi casings, zomwe zimathandiza kuti izi zitheke.
- Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito yosinthira kuchuluka kwa ntchito imathandizira kuthekera kwawo kuyamwa ndi kutulutsa mafuta moyenera.
Kusintha kumeneku kumakhala kopindulitsa pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kutembenuka kwamphamvu kwapawiri, monga ma hydrostatic transmissions.
Mfundo Zogwirira Ntchito Zogawana
Mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma motors amagwira ntchito pa mfundo zofanana, kudalira kusintha kwa voliyumu yosindikizidwa kuti agwire ntchito zawo. Tebulo ili m'munsiyi likuwonetsa mfundo zomwe amagawana komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito:
| Mbali | Pampu ya Hydraulic | Magalimoto a Hydraulic |
|---|---|---|
| Ntchito | Atembenuza mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yama hydraulic | Atembenuza mphamvu yama hydraulic kukhala mphamvu yamakina |
| Mfundo Yoyendetsera Ntchito | Zimatengera kusintha kwa voliyumu yosindikizidwa yogwira ntchito | Zimatengera kusintha kwa voliyumu yosindikizidwa yogwira ntchito |
| Mwachangu Focus | Kuchita bwino kwa volumetric | Makina bwino |
| Makhalidwe Othamanga | Zimagwira ntchito pa liwiro lokhazikika | Zimagwira ntchito pama liwiro osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri zotsika |
| Makhalidwe a Pressure | Amapereka kuthamanga kwakukulu pa liwiro lovotera | Imafika kuthamanga kwambiri pa liwiro lotsika kapena zero |
| Mayendedwe a Flow | Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njira yozungulira yokhazikika | Nthawi zambiri pamafunika njira yozungulira |
| Kuyika | Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi maziko, palibe katundu wam'mbali pa shaft yoyendetsa | Itha kunyamula katundu wa radial kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zalumikizidwa |
| Kusintha kwa Kutentha | Imakhala ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha | Zitha kukumana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha |
Zida zonsezi zimadalira mphamvu zamadzimadzi ndi kusintha kwamphamvu kuti mukwaniritse kutembenuka kwa mphamvu. Maziko ogawana awa amatsimikizira kugwirizana mkati mwa ma hydraulic systems.
Kufanana Kwamapangidwe
Mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma mota amagawana zofananira zingapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito. Kufanana kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo:
- Zida zonsezi zimakhala ndi zinthu monga masilinda, pistoni, ndi mavavu, zomwe zimayendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kuthamanga.
- Mapangidwe awo amaphatikizapo zipinda zosindikizidwa kuti zithandizire kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
- Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, monga ma alloys amphamvu kwambiri, zimatsimikizira kukhazikika pansi pazovuta kwambiri.
Zofananira izi zimathandizira kukonza ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa magawo, kuchepetsa nthawi yopumira mumayendedwe a hydraulic.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Mapampu a Hydraulic ndi Ma Motors
Kachitidwe
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma motors kuli pakugwira ntchito kwawo. Pampu ya hydraulic imapanga kutuluka kwamadzimadzi potembenuza mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yama hydraulic. Kuthamanga uku kumapanga mphamvu yofunikira kuti igwiritse ntchito ma hydraulic systems. Kumbali ina, ainjini ya hydraulicamachita reverse operation. Imatembenuza mphamvu yama hydraulic kukhala mphamvu yamakina, ndikupanga kusuntha kozungulira kapena mzere woyendetsa makina.
Mwachitsanzo, mu yomanga excavator, ndipampu ya hydraulicMphamvu zamagetsi popereka madzi opanikizika, pomwe hydraulic motor imagwiritsa ntchito madziwa kutembenuza njanji kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mkono. Ubale wothandizanawu umatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kosasunthika kwa ma hydraulic system m'mafakitale onse.
Njira Yozungulira
Mapampu a hydraulic nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi njira yokhazikika yozungulira. Mapangidwe awo amaonetsetsa kuti akuyenda bwino akamazungulira mbali imodzi, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi gawo lawo popanga kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kosasinthasintha. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma hydraulic motors nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuzungulira kwapawiri. Kutha kumeneku kumawalola kuti asinthe mayendedwe, omwe ndi ofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ngati ma hydrostatic transmissions kapena chiwongolero.
Kutha kwa ma hydraulic motors kuzungulira mbali zonse ziwiri kumawonjezera kusinthasintha kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu forklift, injini ya hydraulic imathandizira makina okweza kuti asunthire m'mwamba ndi pansi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuwongolera kolondola panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Zosintha za Port
Kukonzekera kwa doko mu mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma mota amasiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha maudindo awo osiyana. Mapampu a Hydraulic nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madoko olowera komanso otulutsira omwe amapangidwa kuti aziyendetsa bwino komanso kutulutsa madzimadzi. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma hydraulic motors nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza masinthidwe ovuta kwambiri a madoko kuti agwirizane ndikuyenda kwa bidirectional komanso kukakamizidwa kosiyanasiyana.
Zofunikira zazikulu zaukadaulo zimawonetsa kusiyana uku:
- Galimoto ya H1F, yomwe imadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono komanso kolimba kwamphamvu, imapereka masinthidwe osiyanasiyana amadoko, kuphatikiza mapasa, mbali, ndi axial. Zosankha izi zimathandizira kukhazikitsa ndikuchepetsa zofunikira za danga mu ma hydraulic system.
- Mapangidwe odziwika bwino amadoko amaphatikiza ma SAE, DIN, ndi masinthidwe a cartridge flange, omwe amapereka kusinthasintha kwamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.
| Mbali | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Mechanical Circuit | Imawonetsa gawo lofanana ndi ma hydraulic pomwe torque ndi kuthamanga kwa hydraulic kumachita mofanana. |
| Zosintha Zosintha | Amadziwika bwino momwe mpope ndi mota zimasinthira pamayendedwe a hydrostatic. |
| Zizindikiro za Port | Zolemba za A- ndi B-port zimathandizira kuzindikira zotsatira zokhazikika kapena zofananira. |
Kukonzekera uku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyanjana komanso kuchita bwino pamakina a hydraulic, kupangitsa kuphatikizana kosasunthika kwa mapampu ndi ma mota.
Kuchita bwino
Kuchita bwino ndi chinthu china chofunikira chomwe chimasiyanitsa mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma mota. Mapampu a Hydraulic amaika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a volumetric, kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi akutuluka pang'ono komanso kutulutsa kosasintha. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma hydraulic motors amayang'ana kwambiri pamakina, kukhathamiritsa kusinthika kwa mphamvu ya hydraulic kukhala ntchito yamakina.
Mwachitsanzo, pampu ya hydraulic yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri imatha kutulutsa madzi opanikizika osataya mphamvu pang'ono. Pakadali pano, mota yama hydraulic yokhala ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri imatha kukulitsa kutulutsa kwa torque, ngakhale mosiyanasiyana. Kusiyanitsa uku kumapangitsa gawo lililonse kukhala loyenererana ndi ntchito yake mkati mwa makina a hydraulic.
Mayendedwe Antchito
Mapampu a Hydraulic ndi ma motors amawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakuthamanga kwawo. Mapampu amagwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri kuti madzi aziyenda bwino. Ma mota, komabe, amagwira ntchito pa liwiro lalikulu, nthawi zambiri pa liwiro lotsika, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana.
Zambiri zochokera kuzinthu zoyendetsedwa zimawonetsa kusiyana kumeneku. Kafukufuku wamakina opatsira ma hydrostatic akuwonetsa kuti kuthamanga kwa pampu ndi torque yonyamula kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito onse. Zofunikira zazikulu, monga ma coefficients otayika, zimapereka chidziwitso pakusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa mapampu ndi ma mota. Zotsatirazi zikugogomezera kufunikira kosankha chigawo choyenera malinga ndi liwiro ndi zofunikira za katundu.
Mwachitsanzo, m'makina am'mafakitale, pampu ya hydraulic imatha kuthamanga mwachangu kuti ipereke madzi kwa ma actuators angapo. Pakadali pano, hydraulic motor imasintha liwiro lake kuti lifanane ndi zomwe zimafunikira pa actuator iliyonse, kuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera.
Magulu a Mapampu a Hydraulic ndi Ma mota
Mitundu ya Mapampu a Hydraulic
Mapampu a Hydraulic amagawidwa motengera kapangidwe kawo ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito. Mitundu itatu yayikulu imaphatikizapo mapampu amagetsi, mapampu a vane, ndi mapampu a pistoni. Mapampu amagetsi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osavuta komanso olimba, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamafakitale. Amapereka kuyenda kosasunthika koma amagwira ntchito pazovuta zochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Mapampu a Vane, kumbali ina, amapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso opanda phokoso, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera zida zam'manja ndi makina amagalimoto. Mapampu a piston, omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu zothamanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina olemetsa monga zida zomangira ndi makina osindikizira a hydraulic.
Mwachitsanzo, mapampu a axial piston amatha kupanikizika kwambiri kuposa 6000 psi, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu. Mapampu a pistoni a radial, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ake ophatikizika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina othamanga kwambiri pomwe malo amakhala ochepa.
Mitundu ya Hydraulic Motors
Ma hydraulic motors amasintha mphamvu zama hydraulic kukhala zoyenda zamakina. Mitundu itatu yayikulu ndi ma gear motors, vane motors, ndi ma pistoni. Magalimoto amagetsi ndi ophatikizika komanso otsika mtengo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamakina aulimi. Ma mota a Vane amagwira ntchito bwino ndipo amawakonda pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuwongolera bwino, monga ma robotiki.Magalimoto a piston, odziwikakutulutsa kwawo kwamphamvu kwambiri, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina olemera ngati okumba ndi ma cranes.
Ma hydraulic motor, monga mtundu wa piston wa radial, amatha kutulutsa ma torque opitilira 10,000 Nm, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwira ntchito zovuta. Ma Axial piston motors, omwe ali ndi kuthekera kosinthika kosinthika, amapereka kusinthasintha kwa liwiro komanso kuwongolera ma torque.
Zosiyanasiyana Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Mapampu a Hydraulic ndi ma motors amapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zinazake. Mwachitsanzo, mapampu osuntha osinthika amasintha kuchuluka kwamayendedwe kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi pamakina omwe amafunikira kusinthasintha. Mapampu osasunthika osasunthika, mosiyana, amapereka kuyenda kosasinthasintha ndipo ndi abwino kwa machitidwe osavuta. Momwemonso, ma hydraulic motors amapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito. Ma motors othamanga kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina otumizira, pomwe ma motors otsika kwambiri, okwera kwambiri ndi ofunikira pama winchi ndi zida zobowola.
M'makampani azamlengalenga, mapampu opepuka a hydraulic ndi ma mota amapangidwa kuti achepetse kulemera kwa dongosolo lonse popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito. Mosiyana ndi izi, zida zam'madzi zimafunikira zida zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zipirire malo ovuta.
Mapampu a Hydraulic ndi ma motors amapanga msana wama hydraulic system pogwira ntchito motsatira. Mapampu amapanga kutuluka kwamadzimadzi, pomwe ma motors amawasintha kukhala makina oyenda. Maudindo awo owonjezera amawonekera paziwonetsero zabwino:
| Mtundu Wagalimoto | Kuchita bwino (%) |
|---|---|
| Radial Piston | 95 |
| Axial Piston | 90 |
| Vane | 85 |
| Zida | 80 |
| Orbital | <80 |
Mapampu ozindikira katundu amapangitsanso magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo posintha kusamuka kuti kufanane ndi kuyenda komanso kukakamizidwa. Synergy iyi imawonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira ntchito moyenera m'mafakitale. Kumvetsetsa kusiyanitsa kumeneku kumathandiza akatswiri kusankha magawo oyenera kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
FAQ
Kodi ma hydraulic pumps ndi ma motors amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mapampu a hydraulic nthawi zambiri amapeza mphamvu ya volumetric ya 85-95%. Ma mota, kutengera mtundu, amachokera ku 80% (magiya amagetsi) mpaka 95% (maradial piston motors). Kuchita bwino kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kodi mapampu a hydraulic ndi ma mota angasinthidwe pamakina onse?
Ayi, si machitidwe onse omwe amalola kusinthasintha. Ngakhale kuti mapangidwe ena amathandizira kusinthika, ena amafunikira masinthidwe apadera kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, monga kuyenda kwapang'onopang'ono kapena malire okakamiza.
Kodi kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumasiyana bwanji pakati pa mapampu ndi ma mota?
Mapampu a Hydraulic amagwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuposa 1500 RPM. Ma motors amagwira ntchito pama liwiro osinthika, okhala ndi ma mota otsika omwe amapereka torque yayikulu pansi pa 100 RPM.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-22-2025