Uxinzelelo lweBolt yeSlewing Bearing vs Torque Wrench: Yeyiphi indlela ebonelela ngomthwalo oqhubekayo kwiiturntable zeShovel zeMigodi?

Uxinzelelo lweBolt yeSlewing Bearing vs Torque Wrench: Yeyiphi indlela ebonelela ngomthwalo oqhubekayo kwiiturntable zeShovel zeMigodi? | Yining Hydraulic

TL;DR — Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Iindlela zokutsala i-torque zifezekisa ukuchaneka kokulayisha kwangaphambili kwe-+/-25-35% kuba i-85-90% ye-torque esetyenzisiweyo iya ekunqobeni umsonto kunye nokungqubana okungaphantsi kwentloko, kungekhona ukolula i-bolt — ukuxinwa kwe-bolt kufezekisa ukuchaneka kwe-+/-5-10% ngokuyisolula ngokuthe ngqo i-bolt hydraulically.
Kwiibholithi zebheyiri zokutshixa kwii-turntable zefosholo zemigodi (M36-M56, Class 10.9 okanye 12.9), ukuqinisa ibholithi ye-hydraulic yeyona ndlela inika umthwalo oqhubekayo kuzo zonke iibholithi ezikwisangqa.— iindlela ze-torque zihlala zivelisa umahluko we-40-60% wokulayisha kwangaphambili phakathi kweebholiti eziqinileyo nezikhululekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukungalingani kokulayisha kweebheringi kunye nokungaphumeleli kweebheringi ngaphambi kwexesha.
Inkqubo yokuqinisa i-bolt ifuna ii-tensioning passes ezi-3-4 (hayi i-pass enye) kuba i-bolt nganye exineneyo kwisangqa ikhulula ii-bolts ezikufutshane nge-10-15% ngenxa yokucinezelwa kwamalungu.— ukutsiba ii-re-tensioning passes kushiya ii-outer bolts kwi-60-70% yomthwalo wazo wangaphambili ochaziweyo.

Kutheni iBolt Preload Consistency ibalulekile kwiSlewing Bearings: Ingxaki yokulayisha engalinganiyo Akukho mntu ubonayo de kube kukusilela kweBearings

Ndiyile iinkqubo zokuqhuba ii-slewing eYining Hydraulic kangangeminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, kwaye iindawo zokudibanisa ii-bolt ze-slewing bearing apho ndibona khona umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwenjongo yokuchazwa kunye nokusebenza kwentsimi.I-slewing bearing kwi-turntable yefosholo yokwemba engama-200-ton iqiniswe ngama-bolts angama-40-60 anamandla aphezulu (ngesiqhelo i-M42-M56, iClass 10.9 okanye i-12.9) ahlelwe ngendlela ye-bolt ejikelezayo enobubanzi obuziimitha ezi-2-3.Ibholiti nganye kufuneka igcine ukulayisha kwangaphambili okuchaziweyo — ngesiqhelo i-60-70% yomthwalo wobungqina bebholiti, ohambelana ne-400-600 kN kwibholiti ye-M48 Class 10.9 — ukuthintela ugqatso lweebheri ekuphakameni kumphezulu wokufakelwa phantsi kwexesha lokujika eliveliswayo xa i-shovel dipper ilayishwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye yandiswa. Ukuba ukulayisha kwangaphambili akuhambelani, ugqatso lweebheri lufumana uxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olungalinganiyo, kwaye ugqatso luyaguquka kwindawo ephantsi komthwalo — okudala imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"brinelling" apho izinto eziqengqelekayo zingena kumphezulu wogqatso, ziqala ukuqhekeka okuqhubekela phambili ukuya ekupheleliseni ukusilela kweebheri ngaphakathi kweeyure zokusebenza ezingama-2,000-5,000.

Ingxaki yokungaguquguquki komthwalo osele ulayishiwe: iindlela zokutsala i-torque zisebenzisa i-torque kwintloko ye-bolt okanye kwi-nut, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-torque esetyenzisiweyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-bolt oluvelayo buxhomekeke kwi-coefficient of friction kwiindawo ezimbini zonxibelelwano - umsonto kunye nomsonto onxibelelana phantsi kwentloko (okanye phantsi kwe-nut).Ubudlelwane be-torque-tension: T = K × F × d, apho i-T isetyenziswa khona i-torque, i-K yi-nut factor (ngesiqhelo yi-0.15-0.22 kwimisonto yentsimbi etyibilikisiweyo), i-F yi-bolt tension ephumayo, kwaye i-d yi-nominal bolt diameter. Ingxaki kukuba i-K ayisiyonto iqhubekayo - iyahluka phakathi kwee-bolts ngokuxhomekeke ekugqityweni komphezulu wentambo, imeko yokuthambisa, nokuba i-bolt ibikhe yathambisa ngaphambili (imisonto esetyenzisiweyo kwakhona inexabiso eliphezulu le-K kuba ukungabikho komphezulu kuthe tyaba), kunye nokuba kukho inkunkuma kwimisonto.Uqikelelo olufanelekileyo lotshintsho lwe-K kwiimeko zentsimi yi-+/-15-25%, nto leyo ethetha ngokuthe ngqo utshintsho lwe-+/-15-25% kumthwalo wangaphambi kwebholiti kwi-torque efanayo esetyenzisiweyo.Kwibholithi efuna ukulayisha kwangaphambili kwe-500 kN ene-K ye-0.18 kwi-d ye-48mm: T = 0.18 × 500,000 × 0.048 = 4,320 Nm. Ukuba i-K ngokwenene iyahluka phakathi kwe-0.15 kunye ne-0.22 kwisangqa sebholithi, i-torque efanayo ye-4,320 Nm ivelisa ukulayisha kwangaphambili ukusuka kwi-410 kN ukuya kwi-600 kN - ukusasazeka kwe-46% phakathi kweebholithi ezikhululekileyo neziqinileyo. Ngokutsho kwe-I-VDI 2230imigangatho yokubala i-bolt joint ecwangcisiweyo, ukuqinisa okulawulwa yi-torque kufezekisa ukusasazeka komthwalo kwangaphambili kwe-+/-25-35% naphantsi kweemeko zelebhu ezilawulwayo, kwaye iimeko zasentsimini zihlala zinyusa oku ukuya kwi-+/-35-50%.

Uxinzelelo lweBolt yeHydraulic: Indlela Ukolula Okuthe Ngqo Okuphelisa Ngayo Utshintsho lweFriction

Uxinzelelo lwebholiti ye-hydraulic ludlula ngokupheleleyo ukuguqulwa kwe-torque-to-tension ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic olwaziwayo kwi-tensioner etsala ngqo kwi-bolt stud, iyiselulele nge-elastiki.I-tensioner inesilinda ye-hydraulic ene-puller enemisonto ejijekileyo kwi-bolt stud extension (i-bolt kufuneka ibe nobude bomsonto obuveziweyo ngaphezulu kwe-nut obulingana nobubanzi be-bolt enye ukuze i-tensioner ibambe), ibhulorho ehambelana nomphezulu wejoyinti, kunye nesokhethi evumela ukuba i-nut ijijelwe phantsi ngesandla emva kokuba i-bolt yoluliwe. Ulandelelwano lomsebenzi: i-tensioner ifakwe kwi-bolt, uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic lusetyenziswa kwixabiso elichaziweyo (elibalwa ukusuka kwindawo ye-piston esebenzayo ye-tensioner), i-bolt yolula ngokuthambileyo (0.1-0.3mm yobude kwii-bolts eziqhelekileyo ze-slewing bearing), i-nut ijijelwe phantsi iqiniswe ngeminwe isebenzisa i-socket emzimbeni we-tensioner, uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic luyakhululwa, kwaye i-bolt izama ukubuyela kubude bayo bokuqala - kodwa i-nut iyayithintela, idala ukulayisha kwangaphambili okuchaziweyo kwi-bolt.

Ukuchaneka kokulayisha kwangaphambili koxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic: +/-5-10%, xa kuthelekiswa ne +/-25-35% kwiindlela ze-torque wrench.Ukuchaneka kuvela kwinto yokuba uxinzelelo lwebholiti lulawulwa luxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, olulinganiswa kwaye lulawulwa ngokuchaneka kwe-+/-1-2% yi-pressure gauge yepompo yoxinzelelo okanye i-transducer. I-modulus ye-elastic yebholiti (i-Young's modulus, i-207 GPa yentsimbi ye-alloy) ihambelana ngaphakathi kwe-+/-2% kwiibholiti ezivela kwindawo efanayo yonyango lobushushu. Utshintsho olulodwa kuphela bubude bokubopha obusebenzayo (ubude bebholiti phakathi kwe-nut kunye nomsonto wokuqala odibeneyo), ohluka ngo-+/-3-5% kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bokubandakanyeka komsonto kunye nobude bokubamba kwebholiti.Impazamo eseleyo kwi-tensioned preload ivela kwimithombo emibini:(1) ukuphumla kwebholthi emva kokukhululwa koxinzelelo (ijoyinti iyacinezelwa xa i-tensioner isusiwe, kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwebholthi nge-5-10% — kubalwa ngokufaka uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lwe-5-10% ngexesha loxinzelelo lwe-tensioning), kunye (2) ukusebenzisana kwebholthi ekufutshane (i-tensioning bolthi #2 inciphisa uxinzelelo kwibholthi #1 nge-10-15% kuba uxinzelelo lwebholthi #2 lucinezela ngakumbi ijoyinti, i-relaxation bolthi #1 — ijongwa zii-tensioning passes ezi-3-4).I-ASME PCC-1Izikhokelo zokuhlanganisa amalungu aneebholiti, ukuqinisa amandla ombane yindlela ekhethwayo yamalungu aneebholiti ezinkulu ezifuna ukuchaneka kokulayisha kwangaphambili kwe-+/-10% okanye ngaphezulu.

Iipasi ezibangela uxinzelelo: Iprotokholi yokupasa abantu aba-3-4 Akukho mntu ufuna ukuyenza kodwa wonke umntu uyayidinga.

I-tensioning pass enye — apho i-bolt nganye ixinwa kanye xa ijikeleze isangqa — ivelisa utshintsho lwangaphambi kokulayisha oluyi-30-50% kuba i-bolt nganye exinwayo ixinanisa i-joint kwaye ikhulula ii-bolts ezixinwayo ngaphambili.Indlela yokusebenza: xa i-bolt #1 ixinzelelwe kwi-500 kN, ixinzelela i-joint ekufutshane ne-bolt #1. Xa i-bolt #2 (ekufuphi ne-bolt #1) ixinzelelwe, ucinezelo olongezelelweyo lwe-joint kwindawo ephakathi kwe-bolt #1 kunye ne-2 lubangela ukuba ubukhulu be-joint kwindawo ye-bolt #1 yokuxinzelela bunciphe kancinci - kunciphisa uxinezelelo lwe-bolt #1 malunga ne-10-15%. Njengoko uxinezelelo luqhubeka lujikeleza isangqa, i-bolt nganye ilahlekelwa luxinezelelo ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye i-bolt yokuqala exinzelelweyo ilahlekelwa kakhulu - ngokuqhelekileyo iphela kwi-50-60% yoxinzelelo lwayo lokuqala emva kokuba zonke ii-bolts kwisangqa zixinzelelwe.

Indlela echanekileyo yokuqinisa umfutho: iipasi ezi-3-4 zijikeleza isangqa sebholiti, apho ipasi yokuqala ifikelela kwi-50-60% yoxinzelelo lokugqibela ukuze kuhlaliswe ijoyinti, kwaye emva koko ipasile ifikelela kwi-100% yoxinzelelo lokugqibela.Ipasi 1: qinisa zonke iibholithi ukuya kuma-60% omthwalo wokugqibela (umz., i-300 kN kwi-500 kN specification) — oku kubeka ijoyinti kancinci kwaye kunciphisa isiphumo sokuphumla kwiipaseji ezilandelayo. Ipasi 2: qinisa zonke iibholithi ukuya kwi-100% yokugqibela yomthwalo wangaphambili (500 kN). Ipasi 3: qinisa kwakhona zonke iibholithi ukuya kwi-100% yokugqibela yomthwalo wangaphambili — le pasi idla ngokufumana i-10-15% yoxinzelelo kwiibholiti zesiqingatha sokuqala eziphumle ngexesha lomthwalo wesi-2, kwaye isiphumo sokuphumla kwipaseji 3 sincitshiswa ukuya kwi-3-5% kuba ijoyinti ngoku ihleli ngokupheleleyo. Ipasi 4 (ukhetho kodwa lucetyiswa kwiijoyinti ezibalulekileyo): qinisa kwakhona i-100% kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho bholiti ilahlekelwa yi-5% yoxinzelelo phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nomlinganiselo wokuqinisekisa (usebenzisa i-ultrasonic bolt elongation gauge ukuba ikhona).Yining Hydraulic, iinkqubo zethu zokufakela i-slewing drive ziquka iprotokholi yokuqinisa umfutho eyimfuneko ye-4-pass kuzo zonke iindawo zokubopha iibholithi ze-slewing bearing kwizixhobo zemigodi, kwaye sinikezela ngempompo yokuqinisa umfutho, i-tensioner, kunye namaxwebhu enkqubo kuyo yonke into ehanjiswayo kwi-slewing drive.

Ukulungiswa kweBolt: Izinto Ezintathu Eziguqula Inkqubo Egqibeleleyo Yokuxinanisa Ibe YiJoint Engaphumelelanga

Nokuba kukho uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, izinto ezintathu zokulungiselela iibholithi zinokunciphisa ukulayisha kwangaphambili ukuya kwi-50-70% yexabiso elichaziweyo, kwaye zonke ezintathu zihlala zingahoywa ngexesha lokufakwa kwentsimi.Inkalo yokuqala: ukuthambisa ngentambo — imisonto yebholiti kunye nomphezulu wokuthwala iinati kufuneka zithanjiswe nge-lubricant echaziweyo (ngesiqhelo i-molybdenum disulfide paste, i-anti-seize compound, okanye i-lubricant ecetyiswayo ngumenzi webholiti) ukuze kufezekiswe ukungqubana kwentambo okuhlala kuhleli ngexesha lokuxinana. Imisonto okanye imisonto eyomileyo ethanjiswe nge-lubricant eyahlukileyo kuneyayichaziweyo itshintsha i-coefficient yokuxinana kwaye itshintshe ukumelana nokuxinana kweenati, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inati ikhululeke kancinci ngexesha lokukhululwa koxinzelelo. Inkalo yesibini: ubude bokubamba iboliti — umngxuma ongafakwanga kwi-boliti phakathi kwentloko kunye nomsonto wokuqala odibeneyo kufuneka ubuncinci buphindwe kathathu ukuya kane ububanzi beboliti ukuze iboliti yoluleke ngokuthambileyo ngesantya esichanekileyo sentwasahlobo. Iboliti enobude bokubamba obungaphantsi kwamaxesha ama-2 ububanzi inesantya esiphezulu sentwasahlobo, oko kuthetha ukuba ifuna amandla oxinzelelo ngakumbi ukuze inwebe ngokulinganayo kwaye ivakalelwa ngakumbi kukuphumla. Inkalo yesithathu: ukuthamba komphezulu odibeneyo — imiphezulu yokuxhoma phantsi kwentloko yeboliti kunye nenati kufuneka ibe tyaba ngaphakathi kwe-0.1mm ngaphezulu kobubanzi bebheriyiti. Umphezulu ongasicaba ubangela uxinzelelo olugobileyo kwibholiti ukongeza kuxinzelelo lokuxinana, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwebholiti ngaphambi kokuba ilayishwe kwaye idinwe ngama-30-50%.

Ukuqinisekiswa emva koxinzelelo: ukulayisha kwangaphambili kwebholithi kunokuqinisekiswa ngokulinganisa ukwandiswa kwebholithi nge-ultrasonic bolt gauge (indlela ye-pulse-echo, ukulinganisa ixesha lokujika kwe-ultrasonic pulse kubude bebholithi).Umlinganiselo wobude ngaphambi nasemva koxinzelelo unika uxinzelelo lokwenyani lwebholiti, oluphindaphindwa yindawo enqamlezileyo yebholiti kwaye i-modulus kaYoung inika umthwalo wangaphambili. Le yindlela yokulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo yokulayisha kwangaphambili kwebholiti efakiweyo — umlinganiselo we-torque (ukujonga i-torque eqhekekileyo) ayinxulumananga nokulayisha kwangaphambili xa ibholiti ixinene kuba uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo (i-torque eqhekekileyo) luphezulu kune-dynamic friction ngexesha lokuqinisa.Yining Hydraulic, sicebisa ukuqinisekiswa kokwandiswa kwe-bolt ye-ultrasonic kwiibholithi zeebheringi zokutshixa kwiifosholo zokumba ezineedayamitha ezijikelezileyo ezidlula iimitha eziyi-2.5, apho ukulayisha kwangaphambili okungahambelaniyo kubangela ukulayisha okungalinganiyo kweebheringi okungenakubonwa de kuqale ukusilela kweebheringi. Jonga kwakhona isikhokelo sethu kwiukuhlanganiswa kunye nokufakelwa kwebhokisi yegiya yokushefaukuze ufumane isikhokelo esongezelelweyo sokudibanisa iibholiti.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Q1: Kutheni ukuhambelana komthwalo webholiti ngaphambi kokuba ulayishwe kubaluleke kakhulu kwiibheringi zokutshixa kwi-turntable zefosholo zemigodi?: Ukulayisha kwangaphambili okungaguqukiyo kubangela uxinzelelo lokudibana kweebhereyitha ezingalinganiyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuguqukeni kobuhlanga okubizwa ngokuba yi-brinelling apho izinto eziqengqelekayo zingena kumphezulu wogqatso. Oku kuqalisa ukuqhekeka okuqhubekela phambili ukuya ekupheleliseni ukusilela kweebhereyitha kwiiyure zokusebenza ezingama-2,000-5,000. Iibholithi zeebhereyitha ze-Slewing (M36-M56, Class 10.9/12.9) kufuneka zigcine i-60-70% yomthwalo wangaphambi kokufaka ubungqina ukuthintela ukunyuka kogqatso phantsi kwamaxesha okujika.
Umbuzo 2: Yeyiphi inzuzo ephambili yokuqinisa i-hydraulic bolt phezu kwee-torque wrenches zee-slewing bearing bolts?: Uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic luyayolula ngokuthe ngqo i-bolt ngoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic olulawulwayo, lufezekisa ukuchaneka komthwalo wangaphambi kokulayisha we-+/-5-10%. Ii-torque wrenches zixhomekeke kubudlelwane be-torque-to-tension (T = K × F × d), apho i-nut factor K yahluka +/-15-25% ngenxa yokwahluka kokungqubana kwemisonto — okuvelisa ukusasazeka komthwalo wangaphambi kokulayisha we-+/-25-35% kwiimeko zelebhu kunye nokuya kuthi ga kwi-+/-50% kwiimeko zentsimi.
Umbuzo 3: Zingaphi iipasi zokuqinisa ezifunekayo kwizangqa zebholithi yokubeka iintsimbi, kwaye ngoba?: Kufuneka iipasi ezi-3-4. Ipasi eli-1 kwi-60% yomthwalo wokugqibela ohlala kwijoyinti. Ipasi eli-2 kwi-100% yoxinzelelo lokugqibela lomthwalo wokugqibela kuzo zonke iibholiti. Ipasi eli-3 kwi-100% libuyisela ukuphumla kwe-10-15% kwiibholiti zangaphambili ezibangelwa kukucinezelwa kwamalungu ngexesha lokudlula kwesi-2. Ipasi eli-4 (ukhetho) liqinisekisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo. Ipasi elinye livelisa umahluko womthwalo wangaphambi kwexesha we-30-50% kuba ibholiti nganye elandelayo exineneyo ikhulula iibholiti ezikufutshane ezazixinene ngaphambili.
Umbuzo 4: Zeziphi izinto zokulungiselela i-bolt ezichaphazela ukuchaneka koxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic ekufakweni kwentsimi?: Izinto ezintathu: (1) ukuthambisa ngentambo kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-lubricant echaziweyo — imisonto eyomileyo okanye ethanjiswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo itshintsha ukumelana nokuwa kwe-nut ngexesha lokukhululwa koxinzelelo; (2) ubude bokubamba i-bolt kufuneka bube ubuncinane ubude obuphindwe ka-3-4 be-bolt ukuze kolulwe ngokwaneleyo; (3) ukuba tyaba komphezulu we-joint ngaphakathi kwe-0.1mm phezu kobubanzi be-bearing — imiphezulu engesicaba ibangela uxinzelelo lokugoba olunciphisa umthwalo osebenzayo nge-30-50%.
Umbuzo 5: Ukulayisha kwangaphambili kwebholiti kungaqinisekiswa njani emva koxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic?: Indlela ethe ngqo kuphela kukulinganisa i-ultrasonic bolt elongation (i-pulse-echo, ukulinganisa ixesha lokujikeleza kwe-ultrasonic pulse nge-bolt ngaphambi nasemva koxinzelelo). Uxinzelelo oluphindaphindwe yindawo ye-bolt cross-sectional kwaye i-modulus kaYoung inika umthwalo wangempela. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-torque (i-breakaway torque) akuthembeki emva koxinzelelo kuba i-static breakaway friction ayihambelani noxinzelelo lwangaphambili.

Iingxelo Zangaphandle: Ukubalwa kwe-VDI 2230 Bolt Joint · Amaqabane e-ASME PCC-1 aneBolted · Udidi lwe-DNV · Iinkqubo zeHydraulic ze-ISO 4413 · I-SAE yaMazwe ngaMazwe · Imigangatho ye-AGMA · Imithetho ye-ABS

Idatha yentsimi yeHydraulic yaseYining — Umgodi wesinyithi wasePilbara ka-2019, iifosholo ezisi-8 zemigodi ezineebheyitha zokucheba uhlalutyo lokusilela kwebholithi:Iqela leefosholo zentambo zombane ezisi-8 (udidi lweetoni ezingama-220) lafumana ukutshintshwa kweebheringi ezi-5 kwiminyaka emi-3 - ixabiso lokutshintshwa le-US$180,000 ngebheri nganye kunye neentsuku ezili-10 zokungasebenzi kwefosholo. Uhlalutyo lwesizathu seengcambu lubonise ukuba iibholithi zifakwe kusetyenziswa ii-torque wrenches (hayi ii-tensioners), kwaye umahluko wokulayisha kwangaphambili olinganisiweyo kwisangqa sebholithi wawuyi-42-58%. Ugqatso lweebheringi lubonise iipateni zebrinelling ezingalinganiyo ezihambelana ngqo neendawo apho umthwalo wangaphambi kwebholithi wawungaphantsi kwe-60% yeenkcukacha. Emva kokutshintshela kwi-hydraulic tensioning nge-4-pass protocol, inqanawa ayizange ifumane ukusilela kweebheringi ezi-slewing kwiminyaka emi-4 eyalandelayo. Ixabiso lezixhobo ze-tensioning yayiyi-US$12,000 ngefosholo nganye - xa kuthelekiswa ne-US$180,000 ngebheri nganye, i-ROI yafunyanwa ngexesha lokusilela kokuqala okuthintelweyo.

Isilumkiso sokugqibela kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu yokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-slewing drive: ungaze uphinde usebenzise ii-bolts ze-slewing bearing emva kokuba zisusiwe. Ii-bolts ezifakwe kwi-preload epheleleyo ziguqulwa ngeplastiki kwimisonto embalwa yokuqala edibeneyo, kwaye ukuphinda ucindezele i-bolt esetyenzisiweyo kuvelisa umthwalo wangaphambili ongalindelekanga - ngesiqhelo uphantsi nge-15-25% kune-bolt entsha kuxinzelelo olufanayo loxinzelelo - kuba indawo yokuguqulwa kweplastiki yonyuse ubude bokubambelela obusebenzayo.

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha zebholithi yebheringi yokusila, iingcebiso zezixhobo zokusila, okanye ukuqinisekiswa koyilo lwejoyinti yebholithi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, nxibelelana neqela lethu lobunjineli kwiYining Hydraulic — sinezixhobo zokusila kunye namaxwebhu enkqubo alungele imodeli yakho ethile yokusila.

Ixesha leposi: Meyi-20-2026