A tsamaiso ea hydraulice sebelisa mokelikeli o hatelitsoeng ho fetisa matla le ho etsa mosebetsi oa mochini. E fetola matla a mochini hore e be matla a mokelikeli, ebe e khutlela motsamaong. Baenjiniere ba itšetlehile ka melao-motheo e kang ea Navier-Stokes equations le Darcy-Weisbach formula ho ntlafatsa.moralo oa sistimi ea hydraulic, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe ka botlaloSetšoantšo sa hydraulic system.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa
- Sistimi ea Hydraulic e sebelisa mokelikeli o hatelletsoeng ho atisa matla le ho etsa mesebetsi e boima ka taolo e nepahetseng, e ipapisitseng le Molao oa Pascal.
- Likarolo tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsalipompo, matamo, li-valve, li-activator le mokelikeli, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e le tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa phetisetso le taolo e nepahetseng ea matla.
- Sistimi ea Hydraulic e matlafatsa liindasteri tse ngata ka ho fana ka matla a phahameng, ts'ebetso ea matla le ts'epahalo, empa e hloka tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng ho qoba ho lutla le tšilafalo.
Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa Hydraulic System
Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Hydraulic System (Molao oa Pascal)
Sisteme ea haeteroliki e sebetsa ho ipapisitse le Molao oa Pascal, molao-motheo oa bohlokoa ho mechini ea mokelikeli. Molao oa Pascal o bolela hore ha khatello e sebelisoa mokelikeli o koalehileng, khatello e fetisetsoa ka ho lekana ka mahlakoreng ’ohle ho pholletsa le mokelikeli. Molao-motheo ona o lumella litsamaiso tsa hydraulic ho atisa matla le ho phahamisa boima ka ho kenya letsoho hanyane.
Ka mohlala, ha motho a sebelisa matla piston e nyenyane, khatello e hlahisoang ke mokelikeli ona e tsamaea ka liphaephe le liphaepe ho ea piston e khōloanyane. Piston e kholoanyane, e nang le sebaka se seholoanyane, e hlahisa matla a mangata a mangata. Kamano pakeng tsa matla a ho kenya le ho tsoa ho itšetlehile ka karo-karolelano ea libaka tsa piston. Haeba piston ea ho kenya e na le sebaka sa 2 square centimeters 'me piston ea tlhahiso e na le sebaka sa 20 square centimeters, matla a tlhahiso a tla ba makhetlo a leshome ho feta matla a ho kenya letsoho, ho nka hore khatello e tšoanang e sebelisoa.
Molao oa Pascal o nolofalletsa litsamaiso tsa hydraulic ho sebelisa liphaephe le lijana tsa libopeho tse fapaneng ntle le ho lahleheloa ke khatello, e leng se etsang hore li fetohe habonolo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa mochini.
Molao-motheo ona o theha motheo oa lisebelisoa tse kang mechine e hatisang ka hydraulic, mariki a koloi le mechine ea kaho. Bokhoni ba ho fetisa khatello ka mokhoa o ts'oanang bo lumella baenjiniere ho rala litsamaiso tse ka phahamisang likoloi, tsa sebelisa lisebelisoa tse boima, le ho fana ka taolo e nepahetseng maemong a indasteri.
Ts'ebetso ea Mohato ka Mohato oa Sisteme ea Hydraulic
Ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea hydraulic e kenyelletsa mehato e 'maloa ea bohlokoa, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e kenya letsoho phetisong e nepahetseng le taolong ea matla. Tatelano e latelang e hlalosa mokhoa o tloaelehileng:
- Kenyeletso ya Matla: Sistimi e qala ka ho kenya letsoho ka mochini, joalo ka enjene ea motlakase kapa enjene, e tsamaisang apompo ea haeteroliki.
- Khatello ea Mokelikeli: Pompo e hula mokelikeli oa hydraulic ho tloha letamong ebe oa e hatella, ho etsa hore metsi a phalle tlas'a khatello e phahameng.
- Phetiso ea Khatello: Mokelikeli o nang le khatello o tsamaea ka li-hoses le liphaephe ho ea likarolong tse sa tšoaneng, tse kang li-valve le li-actuator.
- Taolo le Tataiso: Li-valve li laola tsela, khatello le sekhahla sa phallo ea mokelikeli, e leng se lumellang taolo e nepahetseng holim'a motsamao oa li-actuator.
- Sephetho sa Mechini: Li-actuator, tse kang li-cylinders kapali-motors tsa hydraulic, fetola matla a mokelikeli ho khutlela motsamaong oa mochini, ho etsa mesebetsi e kang ho phahamisa, ho sututsa, kapa ho potoloha.
- Phallo e Khutlang: Ka mor'a ho qeta mosebetsi oa eona, mokelikeli o khutlela letamong, o loketse ho khutlisetsoa hape ke pompo.
Hangata litsebi li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, ho kenyeletsoa li-gauge tsa khatello le li-multimeter tsa dijithale, ho lekola liparamente tsa sistimi joalo ka maemo a khatello le litšobotsi tsa motlakase. Haeba litekanyo li bontša ho se tloaelehe, li ka hlahloba likarolo tsa ka hare bakeng sa ho senyeha kapa ho senyeha. Mokhoa ona o kopanya data ea bongata le tlhahlobo ea pono ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sistimi.
Liphuputso tsa liteko li bonts'itse hore litsamaiso tsa haeteroliki li ka fihlela poloko e kholo ea matla le ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng ka mahlale a tsoetseng pele a taolo. Mohlala, lipotoloho tse sebelisang li-valve tsa taolo ea phallo li ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka ho feta 15% ntle le moroalo le hoo e ka bang 10% ka mejaro e phahameng. Litekanyo tsa mocheso li boetse li senola hore litsamaiso tse sebetsang hantle li sebetsa ka mocheso o tlase, e leng se matlafatsang botsitso le ho fokotsa ho roala.
Maemo a indasteri, joalo ka ISO 4409:2007, a fana ka litataiso bakeng sa liteko le ho netefatsa katleho ea lipompo tsa haeteroliki le li-motor. Litekanyetso tsena li netefatsa hore bahlahisi le baenjiniere ba ka itšetleha ka data e nepahetseng, e ka phetoang ha ba khetha le ho boloka likarolo tsa sistimi.
Tlhokomeliso: Ho utloisisa ts'ebetso ea mohato ka mohato le melaoana ea motheo ea sistimi ea hydraulic ho thusa baenjiniere ho rala mechini e tšepahalang le e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.
Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa Sisteme ea Hydraulic
Sistimi ea haeteroliki e itšetleha ka likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e bapala karolo e itseng phetisong le taolong ea matla. Ho utloisisa likarolo tsena ho thusa baenjiniere ho rala mechini e sebetsang hantle le e tšepahalang.
Pompo ea Hydraulic
Thepompo ea haeterolikie fetola matla a mochini hore e be matla a haeteroliki, ho etsa phallo ea mokelikeli o hatelitsoeng o matlafatsang tsamaiso. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea pompo e kenyelletsa lipompo tsa gear, vane, le lipompo tsa axial piston. Lipompompe tsa morao-rao li fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng, 'me mefuta e meng e finyella katleho e fetang 92% le khatello ea ho sebetsa ho fihlela ho 420 bar (6090 psi). Litaolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa elektroniki li lumella phetoho e nepahetseng ea phallo le khatello, ho etsa hore lipompo tsena li tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang indasteri le mehala.
| Paramethara | Tlhaloso/ Tekanyo |
|---|---|
| Sebaka sa Phalliso | 10 cm³/rev ho isa ho 250 cm³/rev |
| Khatello e Phahameng ea Ts'ebetso | Ho fihla ho 420 bar (6090 psi) |
| Katleho | Ka holimo ho 90% |
| Litekanyetso tsa Torque | Ho fihlela ho 800 Nm |
| Likhetho tsa ho Laola | Litaolo tsa elektronike bakeng sa phallo le khatello |
Letamo
Letamo le boloka mokelikeli oa haeteroliki 'me le lumella lipululana tsa moea hore li tsoe. Meetso ea setso e sebelisa litanka tse kholo, hangata makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho a mahlano palo e kholo ea phallo ea pompo. Matamo a sejoale-joale a sebelisa meralo e kopaneng, ka linako tse ling e tsamaisana feela le phallo ea pompo, e fokotsang boima ba 'mele le sebaka sa fatše ka 80%. Litlhahiso tsena li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi le litlhoko tse tlase tsa bophahamo ba oli.
| Metric Aspect | Letamo la Setso | Letamo la Kajeno |
|---|---|---|
| Karolelano ea boholo | Phallo ea pompo ea 3-5x | 1: 1 ka phallo ea pompo |
| Bokhoni ba Mohlala | 600 lithara | 150 lithara |
| Leoto la maoto | 2 m² | 0.5 m² |
| Boima ba 'mele | Baseline | Ho fihla ho 80% e bobebe |
Li-valve
Li-valve li laola tsela, khatello le sekhahla sa phallo ea mokelikeli oa haeteroliki. Mefuta e kenyelletsa li-valve tsa khatello, tataiso le phallo. Baenjiniere ba sebelisa mekhoa ea bongata joalo ka tlhahlobo e sa fellang ea stroke le tlhahlobo ea bopaki ba in-situ ho netefatsa ho ts'epahala le polokeho ea li-valve. Litekanyetso tsa sejoale-joale, joalo ka ANSI/ISA-96.06.01-2022, li hlalosa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea li-valve activator, ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo le polokeho.
Li-Actuator (Li-cylinders le Motors)
Li-actuator li fetola matla a hydraulic hore e be motsamao oa mochini. Li-cylinders tsa Hydraulic li hlahisa motsamao oa mola, hali-motors tsa hydraulictheha motsamao wa rotary. Likarolo tsena li fana ka matla a phahameng, 'me li-cylinders tse ling li hlahisa ho fihla ho 43,000 lbf. Li-electro-hydraulic actuators li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng 'me li ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka ho feta 50% ka ho nchafatsa matla.
Mokelikeli oa Hydraulic
Mokelikeli oa Hydraulic o fetisa matla, o tlotsa likaroloana, 'me o tlosa mocheso. Ho hlaka ha mokelikeli ona ho ama tšebetso e sebetsang hantle, ho tlotsa le ho hlahisa mocheso. Baenjiniere ba khetha maro a ipapisitseng le litlhoko tsa sistimi, mofuta oa mocheso le mofuta oa pompo. Li-additives tse kang li-anti-wear le li-rust inhibitors li sireletsa likarolo tsa tsamaiso le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba mokelikeli. Khetho e nepahetseng ea mokelikeli e netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ho ts'epahala ho sistimi efe kapa efe ea hydraulic.
Likopo tsa Hydraulic System, Melemo, le Lipapiso
Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng tsa Hydraulic System
Sistimi ea Hydraulic e matlafatsa liindasteri tse fapaneng. Kaho, temo, sebaka sa sefofane, likoloi, le ho sebetsana le thepa kaofela li itšetlehile ka litsamaiso tsena bakeng sa ho phahamisa boima le taolo e nepahetseng. Ka mohlala, Pennar Industries e rera ho hlahisa li-cylinders tse 150,000 selemo le selemo bakeng sa temo le kaho. Morero oa ho nosetsa oa Polavaram o sebelisa li-cylinders tse 96 ho tsamaisa liheke tse 48 tsa radial. Tafole e ka tlase e totobatsa boholo le mefuta-futa ea lits'ebetso:
| Karolo | Lintlha |
|---|---|
| Bolumo ba Tlhahiso | 150,000 hydraulic cylinders selemo le selemo (temo, kaho) |
| Karolo e Khōlō ka ho Fetisisa ea Lekeno | Li-cylinders (temo, likoloi, kaho, ho sebetsana le thepa) |
| Mohlala oa morero | Nosetso ea Polavaram: li-cylinders tse 96 bakeng sa liheke tse 48 |
| Liindasteri tsa ho Sebelisa Qetellong | Kaho, temo, sefofane, likoloi, tšepe & mechini, oli le khase |
| Ho Kopanya Theknoloji | IoT, li-valve tsa electro-hydraulic, litsamaiso tse laoloang ke software |
Theknoloji ea indasteri ea 4.0joalo ka IoT le AI joale li ntlafatsa tlhahiso ka 15% ho litharollo tse bohlale tsa hydraulic.
Melemo ea Hydraulic System
Sistimi ea Hydraulic e fana ka tlhahiso e phahameng ea matla, taolo e nepahetseng, le ts'epahalo. Ka mohlala, Sistimi ea Kawasaki e fana ka matla a matla le phepelo ea motlakase e thellang. Meetso ea modular e lumella ho itlhophisa le ho boloka sebaka. Temong, temo e nepahetseng e eketsa chai ea lijalo. Thepa ea kaho e fihlela 25% ea ho boloka mafura ka li-hydraulic hybrids. Li-actuator tsa electrohydraulic sebakeng sa sefofane li fana ka taolo e nepahetseng ea libaka tsa sefofane. Mekelikeli e mecha ea maiketsetso le taolo ea dijithale e ntlafatsa ho ts'epahala le ho tšoarella.
Keletso: Ho ithuta ka mochini le ho lokisa esale pele ho fokotsa nako le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso lits'ebetsong tsa sejoale-joale tsa hydraulic.
Mathata a Hydraulic System
Sistimi ea Hydraulic e hloka tlhokomelo khafetsa ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea mokelikeli le likotsi tsa ho lutla. Ho lutla ho ka baka mathata a tikoloho le ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa ho lahla. Ha li bapisoa le litsamaiso tsa moea, li-hydraulic li sebetsa ka lebelo le tlase mme li hloka tlhokomelo e rarahaneng. Mekelikeli e thehiloeng metsing a fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho lutla empa a batla lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, tse ka phahamisang litšenyehelo.
Hydraulic System vs. Pneumatic System
| Karolo | Sistimi ea Hydraulic | Sistimi ea Pneumatic |
|---|---|---|
| Khatello ea Ts'ebetso | 1,000–10,000+ psi | 80-100 psi |
| Qobella Output | Ho fihla ho 25× ho feta | Ka tlase, ka lebaka la moea o hatellehang |
| Lebelo | Butle, ka nepo | Ka potlako, ka mokhoa o fokolang |
| Matla a Matla | E phahameng bakeng sa meroalo e tsoelang pele | Litsenyehelo tse tlase, tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso |
| Tlhokomelo | Ho batla ho feta | Ho bonolo, haholo-holo boleng ba moea |
| Polokeho | Ho dutla ha metsi ho baka dikotsi | E sireletsehileng, e sebelisa moea o se nang chefo |
| Litšenyehelo | E phahameng ea pele le tlhokomelo | Ts'ebetso e tlase e tlase, e sebetsa ka nako e telele |
Sistimi ea Hydraulic e sebetsa hantle haholo mesebetsing e matla, e nepahetseng, athe sistimi ea moea e tsamaisana le ts'ebetso e potlakileng le e itekanetseng.
A tsamaiso ea hydraulice sebelisa mokelikeli o hatelletsoeng ho tsamaisa meroalo e boima le ho laola mochini. Baenjiniere ba ananela ho tšepahala le ho ikamahanya le maemo. Likarolo tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa lipompo, matamo, li-valve, li-actuator le mokelikeli. Liindasteri tse kang tsa kaho, temo le sepakapaka li rua molemo ho matla a tsona a phahameng, taolo e nepahetseng, le ho baballa matla.
LBH
Ke mokelikeli oa mofuta ofe oo li-hydraulic systems li sebelisang?
Bohololitsamaiso tsa hydraulicsebelisa oli e entsoeng ka mokhoa o khethehileng. Oli ena e hanela ho bola, e lubricate likarolo, 'me e sebetsa ka katleho tlas'a khatello e phahameng.
Ke hangata hakae litsebi li lokelang ho nka sebaka sa hydraulic fluid?
Litsebi li lokela ho hlahloba boemo ba mokelikeli khafetsa. Litsamaiso tse ngata li hloka phetoho ea mokelikeli lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 1,000 ho isa ho tse 2,000, ho latela likhothaletso tsa moetsi.
Na litsamaiso tsa haeteroliki li ka sebetsa maemong a mocheso a feteletseng?
Ee. Baenjiniere ba khetha maro le likarolo tse etselitsoeng mefuta e itseng ea mocheso. Khetho e nepahetseng e tiisa ts'ebetso e ka tšeptjoang libakeng tse chesang le tse batang.
Nako ea poso: Jul-01-2025