Xakameynta Bolt-ka ee Slewing Bearing iyo Torque Wrench: Habkee ayaa siiya rarka joogtada ah ee loogu talagalay Macdanta Majarafadaha Qulqulka?

Xakameynta Bolt-ka ee Slewing Bearing iyo Torque Wrench: Habkee ayaa siiya rarka joogtada ah ee loogu talagalay Macdanta Majarafadaha Turntables-ka? | Yining Hydraulic

TL;DR - Waxyaabaha Muhiimka ah ee la Qaadanayo

Hababka furayaasha wareegga waxay gaaraan saxnaanta hore ee rarka oo ah +/-25-35% sababtoo ah 85-90% awoodda la isticmaalay waxay u socotaa ka gudubka dunta iyo is jiidjiidka madaxa hoostiisa, ee maaha fidinta boolalka - xiisadda boolalka waxay gaartaa saxnaanta +/-5-10% iyadoo si toos ah u fidinaysa boolalka si hawo leh.
Boolal-ka-soo-saarista ee ku jira miinooyinka majarafadaha qodista (M36-M56, Fasalka 10.9 ama 12.9), xoojinta bool-ga haydarooliga waa habka kaliya ee keena rarka joogtada ah ee dhammaan booladaha ku jira goobada.- Hababka xoogga ayaa badanaa soo saara kala duwanaansho 40-60% oo ka horraysa rarka u dhexeeya boolal-yada ugu cidhiidhiga badan iyo kuwa ugu dabacsan, taasoo keenta rarka tartanka rarka rarka oo aan sinnayn iyo fashilka rarka oo dhicis ah.
Habka xoojinta boolalku wuxuu u baahan yahay 3-4 baas oo taxriijin ah (ma aha hal baas) sababtoo ah boolal kasta oo lagu cadaadiyo goobada ayaa nasinaya boolal ku xiga 10-15% sababtoo ah cadaadiska kala-goysyada.— ka boodista baasaska dib-u-xoojinta waxay ka tagtaa boolal dibadda ah 60-70% culayska hore ee la cayimay.

Sababta Joogtada ah ee Bolt Preload ay Muhiim u tahay Biirka Slewing: Dhibaatada Rarista aan sinnayn Cidna ma aragto ilaa uu simbiriirixanku ku guuldareysto

Waxaan naqshadeeyay nidaamyada wadista slushing ee Yining Hydraulic muddo shan iyo toban sano ah, kala-goysyada slushing bearing bolt-ka ayaa ah meesha aan ku arko farqiga ugu ballaaran ee u dhexeeya ujeeddada qeexitaanka iyo fulinta goobta.Qalabka lagu dhejiyo ee ku yaal miiska majarafadda macdanta ee 200-tan ah waxaa lagu dhejiyaa boolal xoog sare leh oo 40-60 ah (badanaa M42-M56, Class 10.9 ama 12.9) oo lagu habeeyay qaab bool wareegsan oo dhexroorkiisu yahay 2-3 mitir.Bool kastaa waa inuu hayaa rarid hore oo la cayimay - caadi ahaan 60-70% culayska u adkeysiga boolka, oo u dhiganta 400-600 kN oo loogu talagalay bool M48 Class 10.9 ah - si looga hortago tartanka raridku inuu ka qaado dusha sare ee la rakibayo marka la rogo majarafadda oo si buuxda loo raro oo la dheereeyo. Haddii rarid hore ay iswaafaqsanayn, tartanka raridku wuxuu la kulmaa cadaadis xiriir oo aan sinnayn, tartankuna wuxuu u beddeshaa si maxalli ah culayska - taasoo abuuraysa xaalad loo yaqaan "brinelling" halkaas oo walxaha rogrogaya ay galaan dusha sare ee tartanka, iyagoo bilaabaya splalling kaas oo u gudba si buuxda u fashilka raridka 2,000-5,000 saacadood gudahood.

Dhibaatada joogtada ah ee hore u rarista: hababka furaha xoogga ayaa xoogga saaraya madaxa ama lawska, xiriirka ka dhexeeya xoogga la dabaqay iyo xiisadda ka dhalata boolalku waxay ku xiran tahay isku-dhafka is-jiidjiidka laba is-dhexgal - xiriirka dunta iyo xiriirka madaxa hoostiisa (ama lawska hoostiisa).Xiriirka xoogga-xoojinta: T = K × F × d, halkaas oo T lagu dabaqo xoogga, K waa qodobka lawska (badanaa 0.15-0.22 ee dunta birta la shiiday), F waa xiisadda ka dhalata gunta, d-na waa dhexroorka gunta magacaaban. Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in K uusan ahayn mid joogto ah - waxay ku kala duwan tahay boolal iyadoo ku xiran dhammaadka dusha sare ee dunta, xaaladda saliidda, iyo in gunta hore loo rogay (dusha dib loo isticmaalay waxay leedahay qiimo K oo sarreeya sababtoo ah kala-goysyada dusha sare ayaa la simay), iyo haddii ay jiraan burbur ku jira dunta.Qiyaas macquul ah oo ku saabsan kala duwanaanshaha K ee xaaladaha goobta waa +/-15-25%, taas oo si toos ah u tarjumeysa +/-15-25% kala duwanaanshaha preload bolt ee isla wareegga la adeegsaday.Bool u baahan 500 kN oo hore loo raray oo leh K oo ah 0.18 d oo ah 48mm: T = 0.18 × 500,000 × 0.048 = 4,320 Nm. Haddii K dhab ahaantii uu u dhexeeyo 0.15 iyo 0.22 wareegga boolka, isla 4,320 Nm ee xoogga ayaa soo saara culeysyo hor leh oo u dhexeeya 410 kN ilaa 600 kN - oo ah 46% kala firdhisan oo u dhexeeya boolal dabacsan iyo kuwa ugu adag. Sida laga soo xigtayVDI 2230Heerarka xisaabinta isku-dhafka bool-ka ee nidaamsan, adkeynta xakamaynta wareegga waxay gaartaa kala firdhis preload ah oo ah +/-25-35% xitaa xaaladaha shaybaarka ee la xakameeyey, xaaladaha goobtana waxay caadi ahaan tan u kordhiyaan +/-35-50%.

Xakameynta Bolt-ka Haydarooliga: Sida Fidinta Tooska ah Looga Baabi'iyo Isbeddelka Is-beddelka

Taxanaha bolt-ka haydarooliga wuxuu si buuxda uga gudbaa beddelka xoogga-ilaa-xiisadda isagoo cadaadis haydarooliga ah oo la yaqaan ku marinaya qalab taxan oo si toos ah u jiidaya bolt-ka, isagoo si dabacsan u fidinaya.Taabashada waxay ka kooban tahay dhululubo haydarooliga ah oo leh jiide dunaysan oo ku boolalaya fidinta stud-ka boolalka (boolku waa inuu lahaadaa dherer dun ah oo ka sarreeya lowska oo la mid ah ugu yaraan hal dhexroor oo bir ah si uu u qabto taabashada), buundo ka soo horjeeda dusha sare ee isku-dhafka, iyo god u oggolaanaya lowska in gacanta lagu rogo ka dib marka birtu la fidiyo. Taxanaha hawlgalka: taabashada waxaa lagu rakibay boltiga, cadaadiska haydarooliga waxaa lagu dabaqaa qiimaha la cayimay (laga xisaabin karo aagga piston-ka ee wax ku oolka ah ee taabashada), boltiga si dabacsan ayuu u fidaa (0.1-0.3mm oo dheerayn ah oo loogu talagalay boolal caadi ah oo laalaada), lowska waxaa loo rogaa si faraha u adag iyadoo la isticmaalayo godka iyada oo loo marayo jirka taabashada, cadaadiska haydarooliga waa la sii daayaa, bolkuna wuxuu isku dayayaa inuu ku laabto dhererkiisii asalka ahaa - laakiin lowska ayaa ka hortagaya, isagoo abuuraya rarka hore ee la cayimay ee birtu.

Saxnaanta hore ee xiisadda haydarooliga: +/-5-10%, marka la barbar dhigo +/-25-35% hababka furayaasha wareegga.Saxnimadeedu waxay ka timaaddaa xaqiiqda ah in xiisadda boolku ay xakamayso cadaadiska haydarooliga, kaas oo lagu cabbiro oo lagu xakameeyo saxnaanta +/-1-2% iyadoo la adeegsanayo cabbirka cadaadiska ama qalabka gudbiyaha ee bamka xiisadda. Modulus-ka laastikada ah ee boolku (modulus-ka Young, 207 GPa ee birta dahaarka leh) waa mid isku mid ah gudaha +/-2% booladaha ka soo jeeda isla goobta daaweynta kulaylka. Doorsoomaha kaliya waa dhererka isku-xidhka wax ku oolka ah (dhererka boolka u dhexeeya lowska iyo dunta ugu horreysa ee la qabtay), kaas oo ku kala duwan +/-3-5% iyadoo ku xiran qoto dheeraanta isku-xidhka dunta iyo dhererka qabashada boolku.Khaladka hadhaaga ah ee preload-ka xiisadaysan wuxuu ka yimid laba ilo:(1) nasashada boolalka ka dib sii deynta xiisadda (isgoysyadu waxay cadaadiyaan marka la saaro boolasha, taasoo yareynaysa xiisadda boolasha 5-10% - taasoo lagu xisaabtamo iyadoo la adeegsanayo 5-10% xiisad xad dhaaf ah inta lagu jiro marinka xiisadda), iyo (2) isdhexgalka boolasha ku xiga (boolasha xiisadda #2 waxay yareysaa xiisadda boolasha #1 10-15% sababtoo ah xiisadda boolasha #2 waxay sii cadaadisaa kala-goyska, boolasha nasashada #1 - oo lagu xalliyo 3-4 baas oo xiisadda ah).ASME PCC-1Tilmaamaha isku-dhafka isku-dhafka ah ee la xidho, xiisadda haydarooliga ayaa ah habka ugu habboon ee isku-xidhka dhexroorka weyn ee la xidho oo u baahan saxnaanta hore ee rarka ee +/- 10% ama ka wanaagsan.

Baasaska Xawliga ah: Hab-raaca 3-4-ka Baasaska Cidna Ma Doonayso Inay Sameyso Laakiin Qof Walba Wuu U Baahan Yahay

Hal mar oo la riixo - halkaas oo bool kasta lagu cadaadiyo wareegga - waxay soo saartaa kala duwanaansho hore loo sii shubay oo ah 30-50% sababtoo ah bool kasta oo isku xiga oo la riixo ayaa cadaadiya kala-goyska oo debciya boolladii hore loo riixay.Habka: marka bool #1 la cadaadiyo ilaa 500 kN, waxay isku-darka ku cadaadisaa agagaarka bool #1. Marka bool #2 (oo ku xiga bool #1) la cadaadiyo, cadaadiska dheeraadka ah ee isku-dhafka ee aagga u dhexeeya bool #1 iyo #2 wuxuu sababaa in dhumucda isku-dhafka ee aagga isku-xidhka bool #1 ay si yar hoos ugu dhacdo - taasoo yaraynaysa xiisadda bool #1 qiyaastii 10-15%. Marka xiisaddu ay ku socoto wareegga, bool kasta si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u lumiyaa xiisadda, bool-kii ugu horreeyayna wuu lumiyaa inta ugu badan - badanaa wuxuu ku dhammaadaa 50-60% xiisaddiisa bilowga ah ka dib marka dhammaan bool-kii ku jiray wareegga la adkeeyo.

Habka saxda ah ee xiisadda: 3-4 ayaa dhex mara wareegga boolalka, iyadoo baaska ugu horreeya uu yahay 50-60% xiisadda ugu dambeysa si uu u fadhiisto kala-goysyada, iyo baaska xiga oo ah 100% xiisadda ugu dambeysa.Gudubka 1aad: adkeynta dhammaan boolalku ilaa 60% ee hore u sii rarista ugu dambeysa (tusaale ahaan, 300 kN oo loogu talagalay qeexitaanka 500 kN) — tani waxay qayb ahaan fadhidaa kala-goyska waxayna yareysaa saameynta nasashada ee baasaska xiga. Gudubka 2aad: adkeynta dhammaan boolalku ilaa 100% hore u sii rarista ugu dambeysa (500 kN). Gudubka 3aad: dib u riix dhammaan boolalku ilaa 100% hore u sii rarista ugu dambeysa — gudubkan wuxuu caadi ahaan soo ceshadaa xiisadda 10-15% ee boolalkii qeybtii hore ee nastay inta lagu jiro baaska 2aad, saameynta nasashada ee baaska 3aadna waxaa loo dhimay 3-5% sababtoo ah kala-goysku hadda si buuxda ayuu u fadhiyaa. Gudubka 4aad (ikhtiyaar laakiin lagu taliyay kala-goysyada muhiimka ah): dib-u-riixidda xiisadda ilaa 100% oo hubi in uusan jirin boolal lumiyay xiisad ka badan 5% inta u dhaxaysa xiisadda iyo cabbirka xaqiijinta (iyadoo la adeegsanayo cabbir fidinta boolal ultrasonic ah haddii la heli karo).Yining Haydarooliga, habraacyadayada rakibidda darawalka sluwing waxaa ka mid ah hab-raaca sluwing drive ee qasabka ah ee 4-pass ee dhammaan isku-xidhka sluwing bearing bolt ee qalabka macdanta, waxaanan siinaa bamka sluwing drive-ka, tensioner-ka, iyo dukumeentiyada habraaca oo leh keenista darawalka sluwing kasta.

Diyaarinta Bolt: Saddexda Arrimood ee Habka Xakameynta ee Ugu Fiican u Beddela Kala-goysyada Fashilmay

Xitaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo tamar-haydarooliga, saddex arrimood oo diyaarinta boolal ah ayaa hoos u dhigi kara rarista dhabta ah ilaa 50-70% qiimaha la cayimay, saddexdana waa la iska indha tiraa inta lagu jiro rakibidda goobta.Qodobka koowaad: saliidaynta dunta - dunta boolalka iyo dusha sare ee lowska waa in lagu saliideeyaa saliidaha la cayimay (badanaa molybdenum disulfide koollada, isku-dhafka ka hortagga qabashada, ama saliidaha uu soo saaraha boolku kugula taliyo) si loo gaaro is-xoqid dun oo joogto ah inta lagu jiro xiisadda. Dunta qalalan ama dunta lagu saliideeyo saliid ka duwan kan la cayimay waxay beddelaan isku-dhafka is-xoqidda waxayna beddelaan iska caabbinta lowska, taasoo keenta in lowsku uu qayb ahaan kala furfurmo inta lagu jiro sii deynta xiisadda. Qodobka labaad: dhererka qabashada boolka - shafka aan la xidhin ee boolka u dhexeeya madaxa iyo dunta ugu horreysa ee la qabsatay waa inuu ahaadaa ugu yaraan 3-4 jeer dhexroorka boolka si boolku si dabacsan ugu fido heerka guga saxda ah. Bool leh dherer qabsasho oo ka yar 2 jeer dhexroorka wuxuu leeyahay heer gu' oo aad u sarreeya, taasoo la macno ah inay u baahan tahay xoog xiisad badan si loo dheereeyo isla markaana uu u nugul yahay nasashada. Qodobka saddexaad: fidsanaanta dusha sare ee isku-dhafka ah - dusha sare ee ku rakiban ee hoos yimaada madaxa boolka iyo lowska waa inay ahaadaan kuwo siman gudaha 0.1mm dhexroorka qaadista. Dusha sare ee aan fidsanayn waxay keentaa cadaadis foorarsi ah oo ku jira boolka marka lagu daro cadaadiska jiidista, taasoo yaraynaysa culayska hore ee boolka iyo cimriga daalka 30-50%.

Xaqiijinta ka dib marka la riixo: rarista hore ee boolka waxaa lagu xaqiijin karaa iyadoo la cabbirayo fidinta boolka iyadoo la adeegsanayo cabbiraadda boolka ultrasonic (habka garaaca wadnaha, oo cabbiraya waqtiga wareega ee garaaca ultrasonic iyada oo loo marayo dhererka boolka).Cabbirka dheereynta ka hor iyo ka dib xiisadda ayaa siinaya cadaadiska bolt-ka dhabta ah, kaas oo lagu dhufto aagga isgoyska bolt-ka iyo module-ka Young ayaa bixiya preload-ka dhabta ah. Kani waa habka kaliya ee cabbirka tooska ah ee preload-ka bool-ka ee la rakibay - cabbirka torque-ka (hubinta tercle-ka breakaway) kuma xirna preload-ka marka bool-ka la qaboojiyo sababtoo ah is-jiidjiidka taagan (tercle-ka breakaway) ayaa ka sarreeya is-jiidjiidka firfircoon inta lagu jiro adkeynta.Yining Haydarooliga, waxaan kugula talineynaa xaqiijinta fidinta booladaha ultrasonic-ka ee loogu talagalay booladaha boolal-ka ee qodista majarafadaha macdanta leh dhexroorka leexashada oo ka badan 2.5 mitir, halkaas oo rar-qaadis aan iswaafaqsanayn uu keeno rarista tartanka boolal-ka oo aan sinnayn oo aan la ogaan karin ilaa cilladda boolalku ay bilaabato. Sidoo kale eeg hagahayaga ku saabsanis-dhexgalka sanduuqa gearbox-ka iyo rakibiddasi aad u hesho hagitaan dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan isku-dhafka.

Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo

S1: Maxay muhiim u tahay joogteynta rarka hore ee bolt-ka ee ku saabsan shaandhooyinka majarafadaha qodista majarafadaha?: Culayska aan joogtada ahayn wuxuu sababaa cadaadis aan sinnayn oo ku saabsan xiriirka tartanka, taasoo keenta isbeddel ku yimaada jinsiyadda maxalliga ah oo loo yaqaan brinelling halkaas oo walxaha rogroga ay galaan dusha tartanka. Tani waxay bilaabataa in la isku dhufto oo u gudubta guuldarro dhammaystiran oo ku timaadda 2,000-5,000 saacadood gudahood. Boolal-gacmeedyada slewing-ka (M36-M56, Fasalka 10.9/12.9) waa inay ilaaliyaan 60-70% culayska hore ee cadaynta si looga hortago in tartanka laga qaado daqiiqadaha rogrogaya.
S2: Waa maxay faa'iidada ugu weyn ee xiisadda bool-ga ee ku jirta furayaasha wareegga ee loogu talagalay booladaha laalaada?: Xakameynta haydarooliga si toos ah ayay u fidisaa boolka iyadoo la xakameynayo cadaadiska haydarooliga, taasoo gaareysa saxnaanta rarka hore ee +/-5-10%. Furayaasha wareegga waxay ku tiirsan yihiin xiriirka wareegga-ilaa-xiisadda (T = K × F × d), halkaas oo qodobka lawska K uu kala duwan yahay +/-15-25% sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshaha is-xoqidda dunta - taasoo soo saarta kala firdhinta rarka hore ee +/-25-35% xaaladaha shaybaarka iyo ilaa +/-50% xaaladaha goobta.
S3: Immisa baasas oo xiisad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo wareegyada bool-ka ee slutting, maxaase loo baahan yahay?: 3-4 baas ayaa loo baahan yahay. Gudubka 1aad marka la gaaro 60% ee hore u sii gudbidda ugu dambeysa ayaa fadhiisiya kala-goysyada. Gudubka 2aad marka la gaaro 100% xiisadaha hore ee ugu dambeeya ee hore u sii gudbidda dhammaan baallooyinka. Gudubka 3aad marka la gaaro 100% wuxuu soo ceshadaa nasashada 10-15% ee baallooyinka hore ee ay sababeen cadaadiska kala-goysyada inta lagu jiro baaska 2aad. Gudubka 4aad (ikhtiyaar) wuxuu xaqiijinayaa xiisadda harsan. Gudubka hal mar wuxuu soo saaraa kala duwanaansho hore u sii gudbidda oo ah 30-50% sababtoo ah buul kasta oo xiga oo sii fididda ayaa dejinaya buulladii hore u sii fididday ee ku xigay.
S4: Maxay yihiin arrimaha diyaarinta boolalka ee saameeya saxnaanta xiisadda haydarooliga ee rakibidda goobta?: Saddex arrimood: (1) saliidaynta dunta waa inay isticmaashaa saliidaynta la cayimay - dun qalalan ama si kala duwan loo saliideeyay waxay beddelaan iska caabbinta lowska inta lagu jiro sii deynta xiisadda; (2) dhererka qabashada bolt waa inuu ahaadaa ugu yaraan 3-4 jeer dhexroorka bool si loo helo fiditaan dabacsan oo ku filan; (3) fidsanaanta dusha sare ee isku-dhafka ah ee 0.1mm gudahood dhexroorka boolalku - dusha sare ee aan fidsanayn waxay keenaan cadaadis foorarsi ah oo yareeya rarka wax ku oolka ah 30-50%.
S5: Sidee loo xaqiijin karaa rarista hore ee boolka ka dib marka la sameeyo xiisadda haydarooliga?: Habka kaliya ee tooska ah waa cabbirka fidinta boolka ultrasonic (garaaca wadnaha, cabbiraadda waqtiga wareegga garaaca wadnaha ee ultrasonic iyada oo loo marayo boolka ka hor iyo ka dib xiisadda). Kordhinta lagu dhufto aagga isgoyska boolka iyo module-ka Young wuxuu bixiyaa preload dhab ah. Xaqiijinta wareegga (torque-ka breakaway) waa mid aan la isku halleyn karin ka dib xiisadda sababtoo ah is-jiidashada breakaway ee taagan kuma xirna preload-ka.

Tixraacyada Dibadda: Xisaabinta Kala-goysyada VDI 2230 Bolt · Kala-goysyada ASME PCC-1 ee la xidhxidhay · Kala-soocidda DNV · Nidaamyada Haydarooliga ISO 4413 · SAE International · Heerarka AGMA · Xeerarka ABS

Xogta goobta Haydarooliga ee Yining — Macdanta birta ah ee Pilbara 2019, 8 majarafadood oo macdan qodis ah oo leh falanqaynta cilladaha booladaha:Koox 8 majarafadood oo xarig koronto ah (fasalka 220-tan) ayaa la kulmay 5 beddel oo ah beddelka booyadaha ...

Digniin kama dambays ah oo laga soo qaatay shan iyo toban sano oo uu ku jiray shaqada wadista baabuurta: waligaa dib uma isticmaalin boolal-ka-soo-saarka marka la saaro. Boolal-yada si buuxda loogu shubo ayaa mara isbeddel balaastig ah dhowrka dun ee ugu horreeya ee la isku duubay, dib-u-xoojinta bool la isticmaalayna waxay soo saartaa culays aan la saadaalin karin - badanaa 15-25% ka hooseeya bool cusub oo loogu talagalay cadaadiska xiisadda isku midka ah - sababtoo ah aagga isbeddelka balaastikada ayaa kordhiyay dhererka isku-xidhka waxtarka leh.

Wixii faahfaahin ah ee ku saabsan qalabka lagu riixo boolalka, talooyinka qalabka lagu riixo, ama xaqiijinta naqshadaynta isku-dhafka boolalka gaarka ah, la xiriir kooxdayada injineernimada ee Yining Hydraulic - waxaan haynaa qalabka lagu riixo iyo dukumeentiyada habraaca oo diyaar u ah qaabkaaga gaarka ah ee wadista boolalka.