Chii chinonzi hydraulic power transmission system?

Sisitimu yekutumira simba re hydraulic inoshandisa mvura ine pressure. Inotumira simba nekufamba zvinobudirira. Sisitimu iyi inoshandura simba remuchina kuita simba remvura, yobva yashandura simba remvura kuita simba remuchina. Izvi zvinoita kuti simba nekufamba zvishande zvakanaka. Musika wemasisitimu ekutumira simba re hydraulic unoratidza kukura kwakasimba, nenyanzvi dziri kufungidzira 5.4% CAGR yemayuniti emagetsi e hydraulic kubva muna 2025 kusvika 2035.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Masisitimu ehydraulic anoshandisa mvura ine pressurized kuti afambise zvinhu. Anoshandura simba remuchina kuita simba remvura, obva adzokera kusimba remuchina.
• Zvikamu zvakakosha zve hydraulic system zvinosanganisira mapombi,maactuator, mavharuvhu ekudzora, uye mvura yakakosha. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobatsira sisitimu kushanda zvakanaka.
• Kune mhando mbiri huru: masisitimu ehydrostatic anopa kutonga kwakaringana, nepo masisitimu ehydrodynamic achishandisa kufamba kwemvura kuti awane simba.

Kunzwisisa Kutapurirana kweHydraulic

Mashandiro anoita Hydraulic Transmission

Sisitimu yekutumira simba re hydraulic inoshanda kuburikidza nekushandurwa kwesimba kwakasiyana-siyana. Inotanga kanapombi yehydraulicinotora simba remuchina woishandura kuita simba rekumanikidzwa kwemvura. Mvura iyi ine kumanikidzwa inobva yafamba nemusisitimu. Mavharuvhu ekudzora hydraulic nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobata simba rekumanikidzwa uku. Zvikamu izvi zvinonyatso dzora kumanikidzwa, kuyerera, uye gwara remvura ye hydraulic. Pakupedzisira, simba iri rekumanikidzwa rinodzorwa rinosvika ku actuator. Actuator inozoshandura simba rekumanikidzwa kwemvura kuita simba remuchina. Kuchinja uku kwekupedzisira kunoita chiito chinodiwa, sekusimudza mutoro unorema kana kufambisa chikamu. Maitiro ese aya anoratidza kutamiswa kwesimba kunoshanda kuri mu hydraulic transmission.

Nheyo dzeKutumira Simba reMvura

Kutumirwa kwesimba re hydraulic kunonyanya kuenderanaMutemo waPascal. Nheyo iyi inotaura kuti chero kumanikidzwa kunoiswa mumvura mukati mesystem yakavharwa kunopfuudzwa zvakaenzana mumvura yese munzira dzese. Hunhu uhwu hwakasiyana hunobvumira simba diki rinoshandiswa pane imwe nzvimbo kugadzira simba guru pane imwe nzvimbo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masisitimu ehydraulic anogona kufambisa zvinhu zvinorema zviri nyore. Masisitimu ehydraulic anoshandisa mvura isingadzvanyike senzira yavo yekushanda. Mvura iyi inopfuudzwa zvinobudirira pasina kuchinja kukuru kwevhoriyamu, izvo zvakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka uye kupindura kwesisitimu. Kunzwisisa misimboti iyi kwakakosha pakunzwisisa simba uye kushanduka-shanduka kwekutumira kwehydraulic.

Zvikamu Zvikuru zveHydraulic Transmission System

Sisitimu yekufambisa simba re hydraulic inoshandisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakabatana. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa racho. Pamwe chete, zvinovimbisa kutamiswa kwesimba zvakanaka uye zvinodzorwa.

Pombi yeHydraulic

Iyopombi yehydraulicinotanga nzira yekufambisa simba. Inoshandura simba remuchina kubva pachinhu chikuru, senge mota yemagetsi kana injini, kuita simba re hydraulic. Simba iri rinotora chimiro chekuyerera kwemvura ine pressurized. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzema hydraulic pombi, imwe neimwe yakakodzera mashandisirwo akasiyana.

• Mapombi eGiya:Aya ari nyore uye asingadhuri. Anoshandisa magiya maviri ekubatanidza kuti abate uye afambise mvura. Mapombi egiya akakodzera masisitimu ane simba shoma uye mashandisirwo asingade kuyerera zvakanyanya, akadai sekuzora mafuta nekutonhodza. Magadzirirwo emazuva ano anosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita semagiya akapatsanurwa uye ma profiles emazino akavandudzwa. Aya maficha anoderedza ruzha uye kushanda zvakanaka. Mapombi egiya anoratidza kupera zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwevolumetric zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinopa yambiro isati yakundikana zvakanyanya.
• Mapombi eVane:Mapombi aya ane rotor ine vane vanotsvedza. Vane idzi dzinogadzira vacuum, dzinokweva uye dzinoita kuti mvura itsvedzerere. Vane idzi dzinobata kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye mvura yakakora. Dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafoni, senge forklifts nemadump trucks, uye mumaindasitiri, akadai sepurasitiki injection molding.
• Mapombi ePiston:Idzi ndidzo mhando dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Mapiston anofamba mukati mesilinda kuti agadzire kuyerera kwemvura. Mapombi episton anopa kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kuyerera kwemvura. Anowanzo shandiswa mumabasa anorema, kusanganisira kuchera nekuvaka. Mapombi episton anogona kupa shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana. Anodhura zvakanyanya uye anoda kugadziriswa kwakawanda. Zvisinei, anopa kushanda kwakasimba uye kugara kwenguva refu kune zvinodiwa zvine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kuyerera kwemvura zvakanyanya.
• Mamwe Marudzi:Mamwe mapombi anosanganisira mapombi eGerotor, mapombi eAxial Piston (swashplate kana bent-axis), mapombi eRadial Piston, uye mapombi eScrew. Mapombi eNon-positive displacement, semapombi ecentrifugal, anobatsirawo mune mamwe masisitimu esimba remvura. Mapombi eCentrifugal anopa simba rekinetic kumvura kuburikidza neimpeller inotenderera. Izvi zvinowedzera kumhanya kwemvura, iyo inozoshanduka kuita pressure. Akakodzera masisitimu ekumanikidza ane flow yakawanda, akaderera kusvika pakati nepakati.

Zvinoita Kuti Hydraulic Ishande

Ma hydraulic actuators anoshandura simba re hydraulic remvura kuita simba re mechanical. Simba iri re mechanical rinoita basa. Ma actuators anogadzira simba kana kufamba. Ndiwo "mhasuru" ye hydraulic system.

• Zvishandiso zveLinear:Aya anozivikanwawo sema hydraulic cylinders. Anopa simba kana kufamba mumutsara wakatwasuka.
• Vagadziri veRotary:Izvi zvinogadzira torque kana rotational motion. Zvinonzimota dzehydraulicVanoita kufamba kwakakombama nguva dzose.
• Zvishandiso zveSemi-rotary:Ma actuator aya akagadzirirwa mafambiro asina kukwana emakona. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kutenderera kwakazara kakawanda, kunyangwe kazhinji madhigirii 360 kana pasi.

Ma hydraulic actuators ane simba guru. Anogadzira masimba makuru. Izvi zvinoita kuti akwanise kushandiswa nesimba guru mukuvaka kana kugadzira. Anoitawo kumhanya kukuru. Anofamba nekukurumidza mukushandiswa uko kumhanya kwakakosha. Ma actuators anogadzira simba guru kana tichienzanisa nehukuru hwawo hwemuviri. Anoita masimba anopfuura pneumatic zvakanyanya uye mamwe akawanda emagetsi. Izvi zvinogonesa magadzirirwo madiki ekushandisa zvinhu zvinorema. Kunyangwe ma hydraulic cylinders ane saizi shoma anogadzira masimba makuru. Zvikamu zvemhando ye rod zvinogadzira kusvika mapaundi zviuru zvishanu pa sikweya inch.

MaActuator anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa anorema. Izvi zvinosanganisira michina mikuru yekuvaka, kufambisa zvinhu mugungwa, kutakura zvinhu, zvombo zvehondo, uye masisitimu ekufambisa. Anonyanya kubatsira mumabasa anoda simba guru.

Mavharuvhu Ekudzora

Mavharuvhu ekudzora anodzora mvura ye hydraulic iri mukati me system. Anodzora mafambiro emvura, kumanikidzwa kwayo, uye mwero wekuyerera kwayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti system igadzire simba rinoshanda.

• Mavharuvhu Ekudzora Anotungamira:Mavharuvhu aya anotanga, anomira, anomisa, uye anochinja mafambiro emvura. Anozivikanwawo semavharuvhu anochinja. Magadzirirwo awo anoratidzwa nehuwandu hwemapombi anoshanda uye nzvimbo dzespool.
• Mavharuvhu Ekudzora Kumanikidzwa:Mavharuvhu aya anoburitsa kumanikidzwa kwakawandisa kubva mu hydraulic system. Mabasa awo anosanganisira kurerutsa, kuderedza, kurongeka, kudzoreredza, uye kuburitsa zvinhu. Anodzivirira matambudziko akadai sekubuda kwemvura kana kuputika kwemapombi. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mavharuvhu anoderedza kumanikidzwa, ayo anoderedza kumanikidzwa, uye kuburitsa zvinhu, izvo zvinotsausa kuendesa pombi kunzvimbo yekuchengetera mvura. Mavharuvhu ekutevera anodzora mashandiro ekutevera. Mavharuvhu ekuwedzera anodzivirira kudzoreredza kumashure kudzivirira kufamba kusingadzoreki.
• Mavharuvhu Ekudzora Kuyerera:Mavharuvhu aya anodzora mwero wekuyerera kwemvura. Izvi zvinogadzirisa kumhanya kweactuator. Anokanganisawo mwero wekufambiswa kwesimba padanho rakatarwa rekumanikidzwa. Anodzivirira kudzokera shure. Mavharuvhu ekudzora kuyerera kwemvura anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sekuyerera kwakagadzika, kuyerera kunogadziriswa, uye kudzora kuyerera kunodzoserwa nekumanikidzwa. Mavharuvhu akareruka akadai semavharuvhu ebhora anoshandisa bhora rinotenderera kuti aronge kana kudzivirira nzira yekuyerera kwemvura. Mavharuvhu eshavishavi anoshandisa ndiro inotenderera. Mavharuvhu etsono anopa kudzora kwakanyatsojeka netsono inogadziriswa.

Muma hydraulic circuits, pombi inogadzira kuyerera kwete kumanikidzwa. Kumanikidzwa kunobva mukuramba kuyerera kwemvura mukati me system. Kuyerera kwemvura kunosarudza kumhanya kwema actuators. Kumanikidzwa kunobvumira simba kuti rishande.

Mvura yeHydraulic

Mvura ye hydraulic ndiyo nzira yekufambisa simba. Inofambisa simba muhurongwa hwese. Mvura yacho inofanira kunge iine hunhu hwayo kuti ishande zvakanaka.

• Zvimiro Zvikuru:Mvura ye hydraulic haifanirwe kudzvanywa. Inoda modulus yakakura. Inofanira kunge iine mhepo inobuda nekukurumidza uye ine furo shoma. Kusagadzikana kwakaderera kwakakoshawo. Kuti ipfuure kupisa, inoda kugona kupisa kwakanaka uye conductivity. Senzira yekuvhara, inoda viscosity yakakwana uye high viscosity index. Inodawo kugadzikana kwekucheka. Kuti iite mafuta, inoda viscosity yakakodzera yekuchengetedza firimu, kuyerera kwekupisa kwakaderera, uye kugadzikana kwekupisa uye oxidative. Inodawo kugadzikana kwe hydrolytic, kushivirira mvura, kuchena, kupfapfaidza, maitiro ekudzivirira kupfeka, uye kudzora ngura.
• Kupatsanura:
  • HL (Mafuta eHydraulic ane Hunhu Hunodzivirira Rust uye Hunodzivirira Oxidation):Izvi zvinodzivirira ngura uye zvinodzivirira oxidation. Zvinoshandiswa muma hydraulic systems anoshanda zvine mwero.
  • HM (Mafuta eHydraulic ane Hunhu Hwakanaka Hwekudzivirira Kupfeka):Izvi zvinopa dziviriro yakakura yekupfekwa, kudzivirira ngura, uye kudzivirira oxidation. Zvakakosha kuma hydraulic system ane simba rakawanda uye ane mutoro wakawanda.
  • HH (Mafuta Emineral Akacheneswa Asingadziviswi):Izvi zvinopa mafuta ekuzora. Hazvina zvinodzivirira ngura kana kuti zvinodzivirira oxidation. Zvinoshandiswa mumasystem asingade dziviriro yekuwedzera.
  • HR (Mafuta eHL ane Viscosity Index Improvers):Izvi zvine zvinhu zvinovandudza viscosity index kuti zvishande zvakanaka pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana. Zvinosanganisa hunhu hweHL. Zvinoshandiswa muma hydraulic systems anobatwa nekupisa kwakasiyana-siyana.

Kufunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakakosha pakushandisa mvura ye hydraulic. Mvura inobva mumafuta haiori uye ine chepfu. Inokonzera njodzi yemoto uye inogona kukuvadza ganda nemafambiro ekufema. Mvura ye hydraulic ine hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza inogona kuora uye haina chepfu. Ine ma flash points akanyanya, zvichideredza njodzi dzemoto. Yakachengeteka kubata nekurasa. Kudzidziswa kwakakodzera, midziyo yekudzivirira, uye kuchengetwa kwakachengeteka kwakakosha pakubata chero mvura ye hydraulic. Kudururwa kwemvura kunoda kucheneswa nekukasika nekuda kwenjodzi dzinotsvedza uye kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza.

Dziva uye Mafirita

Dura rinochengetedza mvura yehydraulic. Rinogadzirisawo mvura yacho. Rinobatsira kutonhora, kugadzikana kwetsvina, uye kubviswa kwemhepo neutsi hwemvura zvakavharirwa. Mafirita anochengetedza kuchena kwemvura.

• Dhizaini yeDziva:Madhamu anoshanda senzvimbo yepakati yemvura. Anopa pombi uye anogamuchira mvura inodzoka. Kusarudzwa kwedhamu kunoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Magadzirirwo akajairika anosanganisira kutwasuka uye pamusoro. Zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi isingatsvi kana aruminiyamu zvinowanikwa kune mamwe mashandisirwo akasarudzika. Kune akawanda mashandisirwo emaindasitiri, saizi yedhamu shoma inofanira kunge iri ka2.5 kanopfuura mwero wemvura inoyerera yepombi. Mutemo mukuru unoratidza kuti vhoriyamu inofanira kunge iri ka3 kusvika ka4 kanopfuura mwero wemvura inoyerera yepombi. Izvi zvinobvumira kupisa kupararira, kugadzikana kwetsvina, uye kudzikira kwemvura.
  • Kuburitsa mweya:Matangi emvura anofanira kufema. Anoda chivharo chemhepo kana chivharo chemhepo. Kusaburitsa mweya zvakanaka kunoita kuti pombi isashande zvakanaka uye kukuvadza tangi.
  • Kudzoka kweMafuta:Oiri inodzoserwa inofanira kupinda mutangi iri pasi pehuwandu hwemafuta. Izvi zvinodzivirira furo nemhepo inoputika.
  • Kuiswa kweChiteshi:Pombi inopinda neinodzosera mvura inofanira kunge iri kumativi akasiyana. Izvi zvinoita kuti mafuta anodzosera mvura atonhore.
  • Zvipingamupinyi:Mabhafu anochengetedza mafuta anodzosa mvura kuti asasvike panzvimbo inopinzwa pombi. Anodzivirira kutsvedza kwemvura.
  • Zvinhu:Simbi yakasimba uye inogara kwenguva refu. Aruminiyamu yakareruka uye haikanganiswi nengura. Plastiki yakareruka uye inogona kuumbika asi haikodzeri kupisa kwakanyanya kana kumanikidzwa.
  • Zvimiro:Madziva emvura anosanganisira magirazi ekuona, zviratidzo zvehuwandu hwemvura, uye zvinofema mweya. Vharuvhu yekudhonza mvura inowanzo shandiswa kuti ibvise mvura uye ichenese zviri nyore.
• Mafirita:Mafirita anobvisa tsvina kubva mumvura ye hydraulic. Izvi zvinodzivirira zvikamu zve system uye zvinoita kuti mvura irambe iripo.
  • Sefa Midhiya:
    • Girazi reMicro-fiber (girazi reMicro-fiber):Inoshandiswa pakusefa zvinyoro nyoro. Yakasimba uye inoshanda zvakanaka asi haigone kushandiswazve.
    • Waya yesimbi:Inoshandiswa kubata zvidimbu zvakakura. Inowanzo shandiswa pakuisa zvisungo. Inogona kucheneswa uye kushandiswazve.
    • Cellulose (mafirita emapepa):Hazvidhuri asi hazvishande zvakanaka. Zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kukuru kwedzvinyiriro.
    • 80/20 Cellulose + Polyester:Musanganiswa unokunda matambudziko ekuderera kwedzvinyiriro uye unogara kwenguva yakareba.
  • Kuyera Kusefa:
    • Kuyera kweMicron:Izvi zvinoreva saizi diki diki iyo firita inogona kubata. Kuyera kwepamusoro kwe micron kunoratidza kusefa kwakakora. Kuyera kudiki kunoreva kusefa kwakapfava.
    • Chiyero Chakazara:Uhu ndihwo dhayamita yegirazi guru rakatenderera richapfuura nepasefa. Rinoratidza saizi yekuvhurika kweburi.
    • Chiyero Chezita:Izvi zvinoratidza kugona kwefirita kudzivirira kupfuura kwechikamu chidiki chezvidimbu zvakasimba kupfuura saizi yakatarwa ye micron.
    • Chiyero cheBeta:Iyi inzira itsva yekuedza. Inopa kuenzanisa kwakarurama pakati pemidziyo yekusefa. Beta Ratio yakakwira inoratidza kushanda zvakanaka.
  • Makodhi Ekuchena kweISO (ISO 4406):Mutemo uyu unoyera huwandu hwekusvibiswa. Unoshandisa nhamba nhatu (semuenzaniso, 18/16/13). Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza zvidimbu pa milliliter pahukuru hwakasiyana hwe micron. Kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakodzera hweISO kwakakosha pakushanda kwesystem uye kurarama kwenguva refu.

Mhando dzeHydraulic Transmission

Kutapurirana kweHydrostatic

Masisitimu ekutumira ma hydrostaticvanoshandisa simba remagetsi kuti vafambise simba. Vanopa simba rekutonga kwakaringana kumhanya kwemuchina negwara, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakugadzirisa zvakanaka. Masisitimu aya anopa simba rekutonga kumhanya rinochinja-chinja, zvichibvumira shanduko dzakapfava kubva pazero kusvika pakakwirira pasina kuda kuchinja magiya. Izvi zvinowedzera kunyaradzwa kwemushandisi nekubvisa kudiwa kwekuchinja magiya uye kuona kuti kushanda zvakanaka, izvo zvinoderedza kuneta. Magiya anofambisa mvura anobudirira mukushandiswa kwemagetsi anomhanya zvishoma, ane torque yakakwira uko magiya anofambisa magetsi anowanzo tambura. Anobatanidzwa nemasisitimu ekudzora emagetsi ekudzora otomatiki, manejimendi yemutoro, uye kugovera simba zvinobudirira. Izvi zvinobvumira ma curve ekumhanya anorongwa uye maitiro ekupindura kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.

Magedhi emagetsi anofambisa zvinhu achishandisa hydrostatic anobatsira zvikuru mumidziyo yekuvaka yakaita sema excavator, ma loader, uye ma bulldozer, uko anopa kubata kwakanyatsonaka kwemitoro inorema. Michina yekurima, yakaita sematractor nema harvesters, inoshandisawo magetsi aya kuti aendeswe zvakanaka uye adzorwe. Mota dzakagadzirwa dzakadai se forklifts nemichina yeindasitiri dzinobatsirwa nema hydrostatic systems, zvichivandudza mashandiro uye maneuverability, kunyanya pamabasa anoda simba rakawanda uye kushanda nekukurumidza.

Kutapurirana kweHydrodynamic

Asi masisitimu ekutumira magetsi eHydrodynamic, zvakasiyana, anoshandisa simba remagetsi remvura kuti atumire simba. Anonyanya kushandisa hydraulic torque converter, ine pombi, turbine, uye imba yakazara nemvura. Kunyange zvazvo masisitimu ehydrodynamic achishanda zvakanaka, achiratidza kusvika ku98% yekuchinja, haachinjiki zvakanyanya kupfuura masisitimu ehydrostatic. Kugadzirisa kumhanya uye torque kwakaoma zvikuru nema hydrodynamic transmissions. Anogonawo kuva akakura uye anorema, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwesimba guru. Zvisinei, anoshanda zvinyoro nyoro, kunyanya nekumhanya kwakanyanya.

Masisitimu ekutumira simba re hydrauliczvakakosha pakutumira simba nekufamba mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Anoshanda nekushandura nekufambisa simba kuburikidza nemvura inomanikidzwa. Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvavo nemhando kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira. Masisitimu aya anopa mhinduro dzakasimba kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa mumaindasitiri, achipa simba rinoshanda uye rinodzorwa.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndezvipi zvakanakira zvikuru zve hydraulic power transmission systems?

Masisitimu ehydraulic anopa simba rakawanda, kutonga kwakaringana, uye kugona kutumira masimba makuru. Anopawo kushanda kwakanaka uye dziviriro yezvakawandisa.

Masisitimu ehydraulic anowanikwa kupi mashandisirwo akajairika?

Maindasitiri anoshandisa masisitimu ehydraulic zvakanyanya mukuvaka, kugadzira, zvemuchadenga, uye muzvikamu zvegungwa.michina ine simba rinorema, michina yekudhinda yemumaindasitiri, zvidzori zvendege, uye mashandiro ekutungamirira ngarava.

Kutapurirana kwe hydrostatic ne hydrodynamic kunosiyana sei?

Masisitimu ehydrostatic anotamisa simba achishandisa kumanikidzwa kwemvura, zvichiita kuti pave nekudzora kwakarurama. Masisitimu ehydrodynamic anoshandisa simba re fluid kinetic, kunyanya pakushandura torque, uye haanyanyi kuchinjika.