Kusimba kweSlewing Bearing Bolt vs Torque Wrench: Ndeipi Nzira Inopa Kutakura Kunogara Kuchienderera Kwemafoshoro Ekuchera Migodhi?

Nei Kugadzikana KweBolt Preload Kuchikosha Pakuslewing Bearings: Dambudziko Rekusaenzana Kwekurodha Hapana Anoona Kusvika Pakukundikana Kwebearings

Ndakagadzira masisitimu ekufambisa slewing kuYining Hydraulic kwemakore gumi nemashanu, uye majoini emabhaudhi ekubata slewing ndiwo andinoona musiyano wakakura pakati pechinangwa chezvakatsanangurwa uye kushanda kwemunda.Chishandiso chekubaya pabhero remugodhi rematani mazana maviri chakasimbiswa nemabhoti ane simba guru e40-60 (kazhinji M42-M56, Kirasi 10.9 kana 12.9) akarongwa muchimiro chebhoti rakatenderera rine dhayamita yemamita maviri kusvika matatu.Bolt yega yega inofanira kuchengetedza preload yakatarwa - kazhinji 60-70% yemutoro wekudzivirira bholt, unoenderana ne400-600 kN yeM48 Class 10.9 bolt - kudzivirira kuti bearing race isasimuke kubva panzvimbo yekukwirisa pasi penguva yekupinduka inogadzirwa apo shovel dipper yazara uye yakawedzerwa. Kana preload isingaenderane, bearing race inosangana nekumanikidzwa kwekubatana kusina kuenzana, uye mujaho unoshanduka panzvimbo yacho pasi pemutoro - zvichigadzira mamiriro anonzi "brinelling" apo zvinhu zvinotenderera zvinopinda pamusoro pemujaho, zvichitanga spalling inoenderera mberi kusvika pakukundikana kwebearing mukati memaawa ekushanda 2,000-5,000, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda.

Dambudziko rekusagadzikana kwekuisa zvinhu muchina usati waisa zvinhu: nzira dzekushandisa torque wrench dzinoshandisa torque kumusoro webhoti kana nati, uye hukama huripo pakati pe torque inoshandiswa nekumanikidzwa kwebhoti kunobva kwaita hunoenderana ne coefficient of friction pa interfaces mbiri - thread contact uye under-head (kana under-nut) contact.Hukama hwe torque-tension: T = K × F × d, apo T inoiswa torque, K ndiyo nut factor (kazhinji 0.15-0.22 ye threads dzesimbi dzakanyoroveswa), F ndiyo tension yebhoti inobuda, uye d ndiyo nominal bolt dhayamita. Dambudziko nderekuti K haisi iyo inogara iripo — inosiyana pakati pemabhoti zvichienderana nekupedzwa kweshinda, mamiriro ekuzora, kana bhoti rakambodzorwa (threads dzakashandiswazve dzine K yakakwira nekuti kusasimba kwepamusoro kwakatsetseka), uye kana paine marara mu threads.Kufungidzira kwakanaka kwekuchinja kweK mumamiriro emunda i +/-15-25%, izvo zvinoreva zvakananga kuchinja kwe +/-15-25% mu bhoti preload kune torque imwechete yakashandiswa.Kune bhoti rinoda 500 kN preload ine K ye0.18 pa d ye48mm: T = 0.18 × 500,000 × 0.048 = 4,320 Nm. Kana K ichisiyana pakati pe0.15 ne0.22 mudenderedzwa rebhoti, 4,320 Nm imwecheteyo ye torque inogadzira preloads kubva pa410 kN kusvika 600 kN - kupararira kwe46% pakati pemabhoti akasununguka uye akasimba. Sekureva kwaVDI 2230mitemo yekuverenga majoini ebhoti yakarongeka, kusimbisa kwe torque kunodzorwa ne torque kunoita kuti load scatter itange yasvika pa +/-25-35% kunyangwe mumamiriro emurabhoritari akadzorwa, uye mamiriro emunda anowanzo wedzera izvi kusvika pa +/-35-50%.

Kusimba kweHydraulic Bolt: Kutambanudzwa Kwakananga Kunobvisa Sei Kusimba Kwekusangana Kwezvinhu?

Kusimba kwebhoti re hydraulic kunodzivisa zvachose kushandurwa kwe torque-to-tension nekushandisa hydraulic pressure inozivikanwa kune tensioner inodhonza zvakananga bhoti, ichitambanudza ne elastic.Chinotsimbirira chinoumbwa nesilinda ye hydraulic ine chidhonza chine shinda chinokwevera pamusoro pechinotsimbirira (bhoti rinofanira kunge riine urefu hweshinda hwakaonekwa pamusoro pe nati hwakaenzana nedhayamita imwe chete yebhoti kuti chinotsimbirira chibate), bhiriji rinomira pamusoro pejoinhi, uye soketi inobvumira nati kuti idzoke nemaoko mushure mekunge bhoti ratambanudzwa. Kutevedzana kwekushanda: chinotsimbirira chinoiswa pabhoti, kumanikidzwa kwe hydraulic kunoiswa kune kukosha kwakataurwa (kunogona kuverengerwa kubva kunzvimbo inoshanda yepiston ye tensioner), bhoti rinotambanudzwa zvine mwero (0.1-0.3mm yekureba kwemabhoti ekubata slewing), nati inotsimbirirwa pasi neminwe ichishandisa soketi kuburikidza nemuviri we tensioner, kumanikidzwa kwe hydraulic kunoburitswa, uye bhoti rinoedza kudzokera pakureba kwaro kwepakutanga - asi nati inoidzivirira, ichigadzira preload yakatarwa mubhoti.

Kunyatsorongeka kwekutsinhana kwe hydraulic: +/-5-10%, zvichienzaniswa ne +/-25-35% yenzira dze torque wrench.Kurongeka kwacho kunobva pakuti kusimba kwebhoti kunodzorwa nekumanikidzwa kwe hydraulic, iyo inoyerwa uye inodzorwa ne +/-1-2% chaiyo ne tensioning pomp's pressure gauge kana transducer. Elastic modulus yebhoti (Young's modulus, 207 GPa ye alloy steel) inoenderana mukati me +/-2% yemabhoti anobva panzvimbo imwe chete yekupisa. Chinhu chimwe chete chinoshanduka ndeche urefu hwe clamping hunoshanda (hurefu hwebhoti pakati pe nati ne thread yekutanga yakabatirira), iyo inosiyana ne +/-3-5% zvichienderana nekudzika kwe thread embedding uye urefu hwe boot grip.Chikanganiso chakasara mu tensioned preload chinobva kuzvinhu zviviri:(1) kuzorora kwebhoti mushure mekusunungurwa kwekumanikidzwa (joini rinodzvinyirirwa kana tensioner yabviswa, zvichideredza kumanikidzwa kwebhoti ne5-10% - zvinoverengerwa nekushandisa 5-10% pamusoro pekumanikidzwa panguva yekumanikidzwa), uye (2) kusangana kwebhoti riri pedyo (bhodhi rekudzvinyirirwa #2 rinoderedza kumanikidzwa mubhoti #1 ne10-15% nekuti kumanikidzwa kwebhoti #2 kunowedzera kudzvinyirirwa kwebhoti, rinozorodza #1 - rinogadziriswa ne3-4 tensioning passes).ASME PCC-1nhungamiro dzekubatanidza majoini ane mabhaudhi, hydraulic tensioning ndiyo nzira inofarirwa yemajoini ane dhayamita hombe anoda kunyatsogadzirira zvinhu panotanga kukwira ne +/-10% kana kupfuura.

Kukanda Mapasi: Nzira ye3-4 yeKukanda Mapasi Hapana Anoda Kuita Asi Munhu Wese Anoda

Kurovera kamwe chete — apo bhodhi rega rega rinosungirirwa kamwe chete rakatenderedza denderedzwa — kunoita kuti pave nekuchinjana kwe30-50% nekuti bhodhi rega rega rinosungirirwa rinodzvanya mubatanidzwa uye rinosunungura mabhaudhi akambosungirirwa.Maitiro acho: kana bhaudhi #1 yamanikidzwa kusvika 500 kN, inodzvanya jointi iri pedyo nebhaudhi #1. Kana bhaudhi #2 (iri pedyo nebhaudhi #1) yamanikidzwa, kudzvanywa kwejointi munzvimbo iri pakati pemabhaudhi #1 ne #2 kunoita kuti ukobvu hwejointi munzvimbo yekunamatira yebhaudhi #1 huderere zvishoma - kuderedza kudzvanywa kwebhaudhi #1 neinenge 10-15%. Sezvo kudzvanywa kuri kufambira mberi kutenderedza denderedzwa, bhaudhi rega rega rinorasikirwa nekudzvanywa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye bhaudhi rekutanga rakamanikidzwa rinorasikirwa zvakanyanya - kazhinji rinoguma pa50-60% yekudzvanywa kwaro kwekutanga mushure mekunge mabhaudhi ese ari mudenderedzwa asungwa.

Nzira chaiyo yekutsimbirira: 3-4 dzinopfuura dzichitenderedza denderedzwa rebhoti, uye yekutanga inodarika 50-60% yekutsimbirira kwekupedzisira kuti igadzike joinhi, uye inotevera inodarika 100% yekutsimbirira kwekupedzisira.Pasi 1: simbisa mabhoti ese kusvika 60% ye preload yekupedzisira (semuenzaniso, 300 kN ye 500 kN specification) — izvi zvinogara chikamu chejoini uye zvinoderedza relaxation effect mu pass dzinotevera. Pasi 2: simbisa mabhoti ese kusvika 100% final preload (500 kN). Pasi 3: simbisazve mabhoti ese kusvika 100% final preload — pasi iyi inowanzo dzorera tension ye10-15% mu bhati dzehafu yekutanga dzakasununguka panguva ye pass 2, uye relaxation effect mu pass 3 inoderedzwa kusvika 3-5% nekuti joini ikozvino yagara zvizere. Pasi 4 (sarudzo asi inokurudzirwa kune zvakakosha majoini): simbisazve tension kusvika 100% uye simbisa kuti hapana bhati rinorasikirwa ne tension inopfuura 5% pakati pe tensioning nekuyera kwekusimbisa (uchishandisa ultrasonic bolt elongation gauge kana iripo). PaYining Hydraulic, maitiro edu ekuisa slewing drive anosanganisira nzira yekumanikidza ine mapass mana ekubatanidza mabhaudhi ese ekubata slewing pamichina yekuchera, uye tinopa pombi yekumanikidza, tensioner, uye magwaro ekuita zvese pakutumira kwese kweslewing drive.

Kugadzirira Bolt: Zvinhu Zvitatu Zvinoshandura Maitiro Akakwana Ekumanikidza Kuita Joint Yakakundikana

Kunyangwe paine hydraulic tensioning, zvinhu zvitatu zvekugadzirira mabhoti zvinogona kuderedza preload chaiyo kusvika 50-70% yemutengo wakatarwa, uye zvese zvitatu zvinowanzo furatirwa panguva yekuisa simbi mumunda.Chinhu chekutanga: kunyorovesa shinda — shinda dzemabhoti nepamusoro pemabheya enzimbe zvinofanira kuzorwa nemafuta akatarwa (kazhinji kacho molybdenum disulfide paste, anti-seize compound, kana mafuta anokurudzirwa nemugadziri webhoti) kuti pave nekukweshana kwakafanana kweshinda panguva yekukweshana. Matambara akaoma kana shinda dzakazorwa nemafuta akasiyana pane akatarwa anochinja coefficient yekukweshana uye anochinja kuramba kwekukweshana kwenzimbe, zvichiita kuti nati isununguke zvishoma panguva yekurerutswa kwekukweshana. Chinhu chechipiri: kureba kwekukwesha tambo — shank isina tambo yebhoti iri pakati pemusoro neshinda yekutanga inofanira kunge iri kanenge ka3-4 dhayamita yebhoti kuti bhoti ritambanuke zvine mwero wechitubu wakakodzera. Bhati rine kureba kwekukwesha kusingasviki kaviri dhayamita rine mwero wechitubu wakakwira kwazvo, zvichireva kuti rinoda simba rekukweshana rakawanda kuti riwedzere kuenzana uye rinonyanya kunzwa kuzorora. Chinhu chechitatu: kutsetseka kwenzvimbo dzejoini — nzvimbo dzekukwirisa pasi pemusoro webhoti nenzimbe dzinofanira kunge dzakatsetseka mukati me0.1mm pamusoro pedhayamita yebheya. Nzvimbo isina kutsetseka inokonzera kushushikana kwakakombama mubhoti pamwe nekushushikana kwekusimba, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwebhoti pakutanga kwekutakura zvinhu uye nguva yekuneta ne30-50%.

Kusimbiswa mushure mekusimba: bhaudhi rinotanga kuzara rinogona kusimbiswa nekuyera kureba kwebhaudhi ne ultrasonic bolt gauge (nzira ye pulse-echo, kuyera nguva yekudzoka kwe ultrasonic pulse kuburikidza nehurefu hwebhaudhi).Kuyerwa kwerefu kusati kwasimba uye kwapera kunopa simba rebhoti chairo, iro rinowedzerwa nenzvimbo yebhoti uye modulus yaYoung inopa simba rebhoti chairo. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekuyera zvakananga yekuisa bhoti preload — kuyerwa kwetorque (kutarisa breakaway torque) hakunei nepreload kana bhoti rasimba nekuti static friction (breakaway torque) yakakwira kupfuura dynamic friction panguva yekusimba.Yining Hydraulic, tinokurudzira kuongororwa kwe ultrasonic bolt elongation ye slewing bearing bolts pamafoshoro ekuchera ane turntable dhayamita dzinopfuura 2.5 metres, uko kusaita load preload kunokonzera kusaenzana kwe bearing race loading iyo isingaonekwe kusvika bearing failure yatanga. Onawo gwara redu pakubatanidzwa uye kuiswa kwebhokisi remagiya ekuchekakuti uwane mamwe mazano ekubatanidza majoini ane mabhaudhi.

Zvinyorwa zvekunze: Kuverenga Majoini eVDI 2230 Bolt · Majoini Akasungwa eASME PCC-1 · Kupatsanura DNV · ISO 4413 Masisitimu eHydraulic · SAE Yepasirose · Maitiro eAGMA · Mitemo yeABS

Nyevero yekupedzisira kubva mumakore gumi nemashanu ekushanda kwe slewing drive: usambofa wakashandisazve ma slewing bearing bolts mushure mekunge abviswa. Ma bholts akaiswa preload yakazara anoshanduka kuita plastic deformation muma threads ekutanga akabatana, uye kudzorera tension bholt yakashandiswa kunoita kuti preload isafanoonekwe - kazhinji yakaderera ne15-25% pane bholt itsva nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwakafanana - nekuti nzvimbo ye deformation yepurasitiki yakawedzera urefu hwe clamping hunoshanda.

Kuti muwane marongero emabhaudhi esimbi yekusveta, mazano emidziyo yekusveta, kana kusimbiswa kwedhizaini yemabhoti akagadzirwa, taurai nechikwata chedu chemainjiniya kuYining Hydraulic — tine magwaro emidziyo yekusveta uye maitiro akagadzirira modhi yenyu yesveta.