Sisitemu ya hydraulic niyihe?

A sisitemu ya hydraulicikoresha amazi yumuvuduko wohereza imbaraga no gukora imirimo yubukanishi. Ihindura ingufu za mashini imbaraga zamazi, hanyuma igasubira mukigenda. Ba injeniyeri bashingira kumahame nka Navier-Stokes ingana na formula ya Darcy-Weisbach kugirango bahindure nezaigishushanyo mbonera cya hydraulic, nkuko bigaragara muburyo burambuyeigishushanyo cya sisitemu ya hydraulic.

Ibyingenzi

• Sisitemu ya Hydraulic ikoresha amazi yumuvuduko kugirango igwize imbaraga kandi ikore imirimo iremereye igenzurwa neza, ishingiye kumategeko ya Pascal.
• Ibice by'ingenzi birimopompe, ibigega, indangagaciro, moteri, hamwe namazi, buri kintu cyingenzi mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi neza no kugenzura.
• Sisitemu ya Hydraulic iha ingufu inganda nyinshi zitanga imbaraga nyinshi, gukoresha ingufu, no kwizerwa, ariko zikeneye kubungabungwa buri gihe kugirango birinde gutemba no kwanduzwa.

Uburyo Sisitemu ya Hydraulic ikora

Amahame remezo ya sisitemu ya Hydraulic (Amategeko ya Pascal)

Sisitemu ya hydraulic ikora ishingiye ku mategeko ya Pascal, ihame shingiro mubukanishi bwamazi. Amategeko ya Pascal avuga ko iyo igitutu gishyizwe mumazi afunze, umuvuduko wanduye kimwe mubice byose mumazi. Iri hame ryemerera sisitemu ya hydraulic kugwiza imbaraga no gukora ibintu biremereye hamwe ninjiza nkeya.

Kurugero, iyo umuntu akoresheje imbaraga kuri piston ntoya, umuvuduko ukomoka mumazi unyura mumiyoboro hamwe na hose kuri piston nini. Piston nini, ifite ubuso bunini, itanga imbaraga nini zisohoka. Isano iri hagati yinjiza nimbaraga zisohoka biterwa nikigereranyo cyibice bya piston. Niba piston yinjiza ifite ubuso bwa santimetero 2 na piston isohoka ifite ubuso bwa santimetero 20, imbaraga zisohoka zizikuba inshuro icumi kurenza imbaraga zinjiza, ukeka ko igitutu kimwe gikoreshwa.

Amategeko ya Pascal ashoboza sisitemu ya hydraulic gukoresha imiyoboro n'ibikoresho bitandukanye muburyo butarinze gutakaza umuvuduko, bigatuma bihinduka cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye bya mashini.

Iri hame niryo shingiro ryibikoresho nka progaramu ya hydraulic, feri yimodoka, nimashini zubaka. Ubushobozi bwo kohereza igitutu kimwe butuma injeniyeri zishushanya sisitemu zishobora kuzamura ibinyabiziga, gukora ibikoresho biremereye, no gutanga igenzura neza mubikorwa byinganda.

Intambwe ku yindi Gukora Sisitemu ya Hydraulic

Imikorere ya sisitemu ya hydraulic ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi zingenzi, buriwese agira uruhare mugukwirakwiza no kugenzura ingufu. Urukurikirane rukurikira rugaragaza inzira isanzwe:

1. Ingufu zinjiza: Sisitemu itangirana no kwinjiza imashini, nka moteri yamashanyarazi cyangwa moteri, itwara apompe hydraulic.
2. Umuvuduko w'amazi: Pompe ikuramo hydraulic fluid mu kigega ikagikandamiza, bigatuma itemba ryamazi munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi.
3. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ingutu: Amazi yumuvuduko unyura mumashanyarazi no mumiyoboro mubice bitandukanye, nka valve na moteri.
4. Kugenzura no kuyobora: Imyanda igenga icyerekezo, umuvuduko, nigipimo cyamazi cyamazi, bigatuma igenzura neza imigendekere yimikorere.
5. Ibisohoka: Abakoresha, nka silinderi cyangwamoteri ya hydraulic, hindura imbaraga zamazi gusubira mumashini, gukora imirimo nko guterura, gusunika, cyangwa kuzunguruka.
6. Garuka: Nyuma yo kurangiza akazi kayo, amazi asubira mu kigega, yiteguye kuzenguruka pompe.

Abatekinisiye bakunze gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, harimo gupima umuvuduko hamwe na metero nyinshi za digitale, kugirango bakurikirane ibipimo bya sisitemu nkurwego rwumuvuduko nibiranga amashanyarazi. Niba ibipimo byerekana ibitagenda neza, barashobora kugenzura ibice byimbere kugirango bambara cyangwa byangiritse. Ubu buryo bukomatanya amakuru yuzuye hamwe nubugenzuzi bugaragara kugirango sisitemu ikore neza.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye ko sisitemu ya hydraulic ishobora kugera ku kuzigama ingufu zikomeye no kunoza imikorere hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Kurugero, umuzunguruko ukoresheje imiyoboro yo kugenzura irashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu hejuru ya 15% nta mutwaro na hafi 10% kumitwaro iremereye. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe kandi byerekana ko sisitemu ikora neza ku bushyuhe bwo hasi, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga kandi bikagabanya kwambara.

Ibipimo nganda, nka ISO 4409: 2007, bitanga umurongo ngenderwaho mugupima no kwemeza imikorere ya pompe hydraulic na moteri. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza ko ababikora naba injeniyeri bashobora gushingira kumakuru yukuri, asubirwamo muguhitamo no kubungabunga ibice bya sisitemu.

Icyitonderwa: Gusobanukirwa imikorere yintambwe ku yindi n'amahame shingiro ya sisitemu ya hydraulic ifasha abajenjeri gukora imashini zizewe kandi zikora neza muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu.

Ibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu ya Hydraulic

Sisitemu ya hydraulic ishingiye kubintu byinshi byingenzi, buri kimwe kigira uruhare runini mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no kugenzura. Gusobanukirwa ibi bice bifasha injeniyeri gukora imashini zizewe kandi zizewe.

Amashanyarazi

Uwitekapompe hydraulicihindura ingufu za mashini mungufu za hydraulic, ikora urujya n'uruza rw'amazi akoreshwa na sisitemu. Ubwoko bwa pompe busanzwe burimo ibikoresho, vane, na pisitori ya piston. Amapompo agezweho atanga imikorere ihanitse, hamwe na moderi zimwe zigera kuri 92% gukora neza hamwe nigitutu cyo gukora kugeza kuri 420 bar (6090 psi). Igenzura ryambere rya elegitoronike ryemerera guhindura neza umuvuduko nigitutu, bigatuma pompe zikwiranye no gusaba inganda na mobile.

Ikigega

Ikigega kibika amazi ya hydraulic kandi ituma ibyuka bihumeka bihunga. Ibishushanyo gakondo bikoresha tanki nini, akenshi inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu zitembera neza. Ibigega bigezweho bikoresha ibishushanyo mbonera, rimwe na rimwe bihuza gusa na pompe itemba, bigabanya uburemere n'umwanya wo hasi kugera kuri 80%. Ibi bishya bitezimbere imikorere ya sisitemu no kugabanya peteroli ikenewe.

Indangagaciro

Imyanda igenzura icyerekezo, umuvuduko, nigipimo cyamazi ya hydraulic. Ubwoko burimo igitutu, icyerekezo, na valve itemba. Ba injeniyeri bakoresha uburyo bwo kubara nko gupima igice cya stroke hamwe no kugerageza ibimenyetso kugirango barebe ko valve yizewe n'umutekano. Ibipimo bigezweho, nka ANSI / ISA-96.06.01-2022, bisobanura ibipimo ngenderwaho kubikorwa bya valve, harimo kwisuzumisha n'umutekano.

Abakoresha (Cylinders na Motors)

Imashini zihindura ingufu za hydraulic muburyo bwimashini. Amashanyarazi ya Hydraulic atanga umurongo ugenda, mugihemoteri ya hydraulicKurema icyerekezo. Ibi bice bitanga imbaraga nyinshi zisohoka, hamwe na silinderi zimwe zitanga agera kuri 43.000 lbf. Imashanyarazi ya hydraulic ikora neza kandi irashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu hejuru ya 50% binyuze mu kongera ingufu.

Amazi ya Hydraulic

Amazi ya Hydraulic yohereza imbaraga, asiga amavuta, kandi akuraho ubushyuhe. Ubukonje bwamazi bugira ingaruka kumikorere, gusiga, no kubyara ubushyuhe. Ba injeniyeri bahitamo amazi ashingiye kubisabwa muri sisitemu, igipimo cy'ubushyuhe, n'ubwoko bwa pompe. Inyongeramusaruro nka anti-kwambara hamwe na inhibitori ya rust irinda ibice bya sisitemu kandi ikagura ubuzima bwamazi. Guhitamo neza amazi bitanga imikorere myiza no kwizerwa kuri sisitemu iyo ari yo yose.

Sisitemu ya Hydraulic Porogaramu, Ibyiza, no Kugereranya

Porogaramu Rusange ya Hydraulic Sisitemu

Sisitemu ya Hydraulic ikoresha inganda zitandukanye. Ubwubatsi, ubuhinzi, icyogajuru, ibinyabiziga, hamwe nogukoresha ibikoresho byose bishingiye kuri sisitemu yo guterura ibiremereye no kugenzura neza. Kurugero, Pennar Industries irateganya gukora amashanyarazi ya hydraulic 150.000 buri mwaka mubuhinzi nubwubatsi. Umushinga wo kuhira Polavaram ukoresha silindiri 96 ya hydraulic kugirango ikore amarembo ya radiyo 48. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana igipimo nuburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu:

Inganda 4.0nka IoT na AI ubu byongera umusaruro kuri 15% mubisubizo byubwenge bwa hydraulic.

Ibyiza bya sisitemu ya Hydraulic

Sisitemu ya Hydraulic itanga imbaraga nyinshi zisohoka, kugenzura neza, no kwizerwa. Sisitemu ya Kawasaki, nkurugero, itanga ingufu zingufu no gutanga amashanyarazi neza. Ibishushanyo mbonera byemerera kwihitiramo no kuzigama umwanya. Mu buhinzi, ubuhinzi bwuzuye bwongera umusaruro wibihingwa. Ibikoresho byubwubatsi bigera kuri 25% yo kuzigama lisansi hamwe na hydraulic Hybride. Imashanyarazi ya electrohydraulic mu kirere itanga igenzura ryukuri hejuru yindege. Amazi mashya ya syntetique hamwe nubugenzuzi bwa digitale birusheho kunoza kwizerwa no kuramba.

Impanuro: Kwiga imashini no gufata neza guhanura bigabanya igihe cyo gukora no kunoza imikorere muri sisitemu ya hydraulic igezweho.

Ibibi bya sisitemu ya Hydraulic

Sisitemu ya Hydraulic isaba kubungabungwa buri gihe kubera kwanduza amazi hamwe ningaruka zishobora gutemba. Kumeneka birashobora gutera ibibazo by ibidukikije no kongera amafaranga yo kujugunya. Ugereranije na sisitemu ya pneumatike, hydraulics ikora kumuvuduko gahoro kandi ikeneye kubungabungwa cyane. Amazi ashingiye kumazi agabanya ibiciro byo kumeneka ariko agasaba ibice byihariye, bishobora kuzamura amafaranga.

Sisitemu ya Hydraulic na sisitemu ya pneumatike

Sisitemu ya Hydraulic irusha imbaraga imbaraga, imirimo isobanutse, mugihe sisitemu ya pneumatike ikwiranye nihuta, iringaniza-imbaraga.

A sisitemu ya hydraulicikoresha amazi yumuvuduko kugirango yimure imitwaro iremereye no kugenzura imashini. Ba injeniyeri baha agaciro kwizerwa no guhuza n'imiterere. Ibice byingenzi birimo pompe, ibigega, indangagaciro, moteri, namazi. Inganda nkubwubatsi, ubuhinzi, n’ikirere byungukira ku mbaraga zacyo nyinshi, kugenzura neza, no gukoresha ingufu.

Ibibazo

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amazi sisitemu ya hydraulic ikoresha?

Benshisisitemu ya hydraulickoresha amavuta yabugenewe. Aya mavuta arwanya ruswa, asiga ibice, kandi akora neza mumuvuduko mwinshi.

Ni kangahe abatekinisiye bagomba gusimbuza hydraulic fluid?

Abatekinisiye bagomba gusuzuma imiterere y'amazi buri gihe. Sisitemu nyinshi zisaba gusimbuza amazi buri saha 1.000 kugeza 2000, bitewe nibyifuzo byabakozwe.

Sisitemu ya hydraulic irashobora gukora mubushuhe bukabije?

Yego. Ba injeniyeri bahitamo amazi nibigize bigenewe ubushyuhe bwihariye. Guhitamo neza byerekana imikorere yizewe haba mubushyuhe nubukonje.