Porogaramu za Gearbox z'Isi mu nganda zikomeye: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bw'ubuhanga

Utwuma tw’amashanyarazi dufite imibumbe turi mu bikoresho byo kohereza ingufu mu buryo bunoze kandi bunoze mu ikoranabuhanga. Imiterere yatwo idasanzwe - icyuma cyo hagati cy’izuba, icyuma kinini cy’imibumbe, n’icyuma cyo hanze cy’impeta - bituma habaho ubucucike bwinshi bw’amashanyarazi, guhuza neza imiterere y’amashanyarazi, no gukwirakwiza imizigo mu buryo budasanzwe. Ibi bituma tuba ingenzi cyane mu nganda ziremereye kandi zisaba imbaraga nyinshi ku isi.

Iyi nyandiko irasuzuma aho amasanduku y’amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu mibumbe akoreshwa, impamvu akora neza kurusha andi mamashini akoreshwa muri ibi bice, n’ibyo abahanga n’amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko bagomba kumenya mu gihe bagena imwe.

Uko Gearbox y'Umubumbe Ikora

Mbere yo gusuzuma uburyo bwo gukoresha, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa icyatuma imiterere y’amasanduku y’amashanyarazi yo mu kirere iba myiza cyane ku buryo ikoreshwa mu buryo bukomeye.

Muri sisitemu y'ibikoresho by'umubumbe, umugozi w'ibikoresho byinjiye uyoboraibikoresho byo kuzubahagati. Ibikoresho by'izuba bifatanye n'ibintu byinshiibikoresho by'umubumbe(ubusanzwe 3–5), zizenguruka zikizunguruka mu gihe zizenguruka no mu murongo wo hagati. Izi mashini zifata umubumbe zifatwa naumuyoboro w'isi, ikora nk'umuyoboro usohoka. Iteraniro ryose rifungiye muriibikoresho by'impeta(ibikoresho byo gusohora) bifatanye n'aho hantu.

Agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gashyirwa mu buryo bwa moteri y'urugendo — ni imiterere isanzwe y'imashini zicukura n'izitwara imizigo.

Iyi gahunda ikwirakwiza umutwaro mu bikoresho byinshi icyarimwe, ari nayo mpamvu amasanduku y'amashanyarazi yo mu kirere agera kuubucucike bwa torque bwikubye inshuro 3–5kurusha bogisiyo zikoresha amashanyarazi angana na parallel-shaft zingana. Imiterere ya coaxial input-output nayo yoroshya ishyirwa mu mashini zizenguruka.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi kurusha ubundi bwoko bwa Gearbox

Porogaramu z'ingenzi mu nganda

1. Imoteri zo gucukura n'imodoka zitwara imizigo

Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi bw'amasanduku y'ibyuma by'imibumbe niurugendo rwa nyuma rw'abacukuziBuri mashini icukura ikoresha agasanduku k’amashanyarazi gakoresha imirasire y’ikirere kashyizwe muri moteri yayo y’ingendo kugira ngo igabanye umuvuduko mwinshi kandi muto w’amashanyarazi usohoka kuri moteri ya hydraulic ugera ku muvuduko muto kandi mwinshi ukenewe kugira ngo itware inzira.

[Ishusho yananiwe gupakurura: Porogaramu ya Gearbox yo gucukura] Agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gashyirwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho - gatuma habaho imbaraga nyinshi zo gutwara moteri ntoya ya hydraulic.

Moteri isanzwe yo gucukura ya toni 20 ikora kuri2,000–3,000 RPMku musaruro wa moteri ya hydraulic. Nyuma yo kunyura muri gearbox y'imibumbe ifite ibyiciro bibiri hamwe n'igipimo cya hafiKuva kuri 50:1 kugeza 80:1, agace ka nyuma k'imodoka gahindukira kuri25–60 RPMhamwe n'imbaraga zirenze urugero100.000 Nm.

INI Hydraulic ikora moteri z’ingendo zifite moteri z’amashanyarazi zihuza n’ibicuruzwa bikomeye byo gucukura birimo SANY, XCMG, Komatsu, na Hitachi, zikubiyemo ibyiciro by’imashini kuva kuriToni 1.5 kugeza kuri toni 80.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi ku moteri z'ingendo zo gucukura:

2. Uburyo bwo kuzamura no gukata imashini zitwara imizigo

Cranes zo mu munara, Cranes zigendanwa, na Cranes zo mu mazi yose zikoresha gearboxes zo mu mibumbe mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi:

Guterura (Inzira ya Winch):Moteri yo gukurura itwara agasanduku k’amashanyarazi gakoresha imirasire y’ikirere gazunguruka ingoma ya winch. Agasanduku k’amashanyarazi kagomba kugabanya umuvuduko mu buryo bworoshye kandi bugenzurwa mu gihe gafata umutwaro neza iyo ingufu zikuweho - akenshi bigerwaho binyuze muferi ikoreshwa mu mpeshyi, irekurwa n'amaziyashyizwe mu gikoresho cy'imashini.

Kuzunguruka (Inzira yo Kuzunguruka):Impeta yo gushongesha izunguruka ikigo cy’imashini itwarwa n’agasanduku k’imashini kamwe cyangwa menshi y’imibumbe gashyizwe ku gikoresho cyo gushongesha. Izi mpeta zigomba gutangakuzunguruka neza, guhindagurika buhoro buhorogushyira imizigo neza, ndetse no munsi y'umuyaga.

INI Hydraulic'sibikoresho byo gukata bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'ubutaka igoye, imiyoboro y'amakamyo, n'imiyoboro y'iminara, hamwe n'imbaraga zisohoka kuva kuri5.000 Nm kugeza kuri 500.000 Nm.

3. Udusanduku tw'ibikoresho byo gutwaramo winch

Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu mazi, mu nyanja no mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro zikoresha ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi kigabanya umuvuduko hagati ya moteri ya hydraulic n'ingoma y'umugozi w'insinga. Imiterere y'imibumbe ikundwa kuruta ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa ibyuma bizunguruka kubera ko:

• Igera ku bisabwaIgipimo cyo kugabanya hagati ya 50:1 na 200:1mu nzu nto kandi ifunze neza

• Ikoraimitwaro y'ihungabana n'imitwaro ihindagurikakurusha ibikoresho by'imbogo

• Niyoimikorere myiza cyane (97%+)bigabanya ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'imikorere idahwema

• Itsindaigishushanyo mbonera cya coaxialyemerera moteri n'ingoma guhuza ku murongo umwe, byoroshya ihuriro ry'ingufu muri rusange

Ku byerekeye ibyuma bihambira ku mazi n'ibyuma bihambira ku bwato bwo mu mazi, igikoresho gifata amapine kigomba kandi guhuraIbisabwa na DNV, ABS, cyangwa Lloyd's sosiyete mu gushyira mu byiciro, harimo isuzuma ry’imizigo ryemejwe n’uburyo ibikoresho bikurikiranwa.

4. Amapine ya Ferris n'ingendo zo kwidagadura

Imwe mu mikoreshereze idasanzwe ariko isaba imbaraga mu by’ikoranabuhanga ku mapine y’imibumbe ni uburyo bwo gutwara amapine manini yo kureba n’amapine ya feri. INI Hydraulic yatanze amapine y’imibumbe y’imibumbe ku mapine ya feri yo mu mujyi muriShanghai, Tianjin, na Changzhou, aho ibisabwa birimo:

•Kuzunguruka kw'urumuri mu buryo bworoshye cyane, kandi budahindagurika cyanekugira ngo abagenzi bagire ihumure

•Umuvuduko muke cyane wo gukora(ubusanzwe 0.5–2 RPM ku murambararo w'uruziga)

•Ibipimo by'ibikoresho biri hejuru(akenshi 1,000: 1 cyangwa irenga mu miterere y'ibice byinshi)

•Umurimo uhoraho amasaha 24/7hamwe n'igihe gito cyo kubungabunga

•Sisitemu zidasanzwe zo gufunga feriku mutekano w'abagenzi

Ubushobozi bw'iki gikoresho cy'imibumbe cyo kugera ku bipimo biri hejuru cyane mu buryo buto, hamwe n'uburyo gikwirakwiza neza imizigo n'urusaku ruke, bituma kiba cyo cyonyine gikoreshwa muri ubu buryo.

5. Ibikoresho byo gucukura no gucukura

Mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro munsi y'ubutaka no gucukura hejuru y'ubutaka, amasanduku y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu mibumbe agaragara muri:

•Imashini zo gucukura umutwe — guhindura moteri yihuta cyane ikajya ku muvuduko muto kandi ukabije ukenewe mu gucukura amabuye

•Ibikoresho bitwara amamodoka — gukoresha amamashini atwara amabuye y'agaciro ava ku maso ajya hejuru

•Ibikoresho byo gukurura abantu — kuzamura no kumanura abakozi n'ibikoresho mu kirombe

•Abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro bahora bakata imitwe — gutwara ingoma zica zizunguruka zica amakara cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro

Kuba imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ifunze kandi yigenga bituma ikoreshwa neza cyane mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro munsi y’ubutaka, aho ifu ituruka haba hatose, kandi hashobora kwangirika.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Gearbox nziza y'Isi

Mu gihe hagenwa uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu nganda zikomeye, abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba gusobanura ibi bikurikira:

Icyitonderwa cy'Ubwubatsi:Itsindaserivisi (SF)ni ingenzi cyane. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho birimo gukurura ibintu (urugero, gukurura crane, ingendo zo gucukura), imbaraga zibarwa zigomba gukuba na serivisi yaKuva kuri 1.5 kugeza kuri 2.5mbere yo guhitamo torque y'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi. Gushyira hasi agasanduku k'amashanyarazi mu mwanya uremereye ni ikosa rikunze kandi rihenze.

Imirongo y'ibicuruzwa bya Gearbox y'imibumbe ya INI Hydraulic

INI Hydraulic ikora kandi igakora amasanduku y'amashanyarazi yo mu kirere akoreshwa mu nganda zose zikomeye:

Udusanduku tw'imodoka zigendanwa (Urutonde rwa IGY)

• Ikorana n'ibicuruzwa bikomeye byo gucukura, crane yo kuzamuka, n'ibindi bikoresho byo gucukura

• Ingano y'ingufu: 3.000 Nm kugeza 200.000 Nm

• Gushyiramo moteri ya hydraulic hamwe

• Iboneka mu byiciro bibiri n'ibice bitatu

Ibikoresho byo guswera (Urukurikirane rwa IGT)

• Ku bijyanye no kuzunguruka kw'imashini, imiyoboro izunguruka, n'ibikoresho bizunguruka

• Umuvuduko w'ingufu: 5.000 Nm kugeza 500.000 Nm

• Uburyo bwo gusohora impeta yo gukata cyangwa pinion buhuriweho

• Hari verisiyo zikoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo gukurura inyuma

Udusanduku tw'ibikoresho byo gutwaramo Winch

• Ihujwe mu matsinda y'amapine y'amazi

• Igipimo cy'ibikoresho kuva kuri 50:1 kugeza kuri 500:1

• Feri ikoreshwa mu mpeshyi nk'uko bisanzwe

• Gufunga mu rwego rwo mu mazi birahari

Uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga

Utumashini tw’amashanyarazi dufite imibumbe turakomeye, ariko dukeneye kwitabwaho mu buryo buhamye kugira ngo tugere ku gihe cyatwo cyo gukora:

1Igenzura ry'urwego rw'amavuta n'ubwiza bwayo — Genzura urwego rw'amavuta y'ibikoresho buri masaha 500 y'akazi. Simbuza amavuta mu bihe byavuzwe mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza (ubusanzwe amasaha 2.000–4.000).

2Igenzura ry'ibirango — Reba niba hari aho amazi yinjira n'asohoka apfutse buri masaha 1.000. Simbuza aho amazi apfutse apfutse ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'uko arira.

3Igenzura ry'ingufu ku byuma bifunga — Ongera ushyireho bolts zo gushyiramo torque n'imiyoboro ya flange nyuma y'amasaha 100 ya mbere y'akazi, ndetse n'umwaka nyuma yaho.

4Ikizamini cy'imikorere ya feri — Ku masanduku y'itumanaho afite feri zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "spring-on-parced", gerageza torque ifata feri buri mwaka cyangwa nyuma y'impanuka ikomeye.

5Gukurikirana imitingito — Gutigita cyangwa urusaku rudasanzwe ni ikimenyetso cy’uko ibikoresho byangiritse cyangwa byangiritse. Bikore ako kanya kugira ngo hirindwe ko byangirika bikomeye.

Umwanzuro

Utumashini tw’amashanyarazi dukoresha imibumbe si igice cy’ibicuruzwa — ni ibikoresho byo kohereza ingufu byakozwe neza kandi bigena ubwizigirwa n’imikorere y’imashini zitwara. Mu nganda zikomeye, aho igihe cyo gukora kigura ibihumbi byinshi by’amadolari ku isaha kandi umutekano ukaba udakwiye kuganirwaho, guhitamo utwo dusanduku tw’amashanyarazi dukwiriye ku ruganda rubifitiye ububasha ni icyemezo cy’ingenzi cy’ubuhanga.

INI Hydraulic ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20 mu gushushanya no gukora ibikoresho mu gukora ibigega by'amashanyarazi byo mu kirere, aho ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mu byuma binini, mu mato yo gucukura, mu bwato bwo mu mazi, mu mapine ya ferris, no mu bikoresho byo gucukura mu bihugu birenga 50.