Kulimbitsa Bolt Yonyamula Ma Bearing vs Torque Wrench: Ndi Njira Iti Imene Imapereka Kudzaza Kokhazikika kwa Ma Shovel Turntables a Kumigodi?

Chifukwa Chake Kukhazikika kwa Bolt Preload Ndikofunikira pa Slewing Bearings: Vuto Losafanana Loloweza Palibe Amene Amaliona Mpaka Kulephera kwa Bearings

Ndapanga makina oyendetsera slewing ku Yining Hydraulic kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu, ndipo malo olumikizira ma bolt ogwirira slewing ndi komwe ndimawona kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa cholinga chofotokozera ndi momwe zinthu zilili.Chogwirira cha slewing pa fosholo ya migodi ya matani 200 chimatetezedwa ndi maboluti amphamvu 40-60 (nthawi zambiri M42-M56, Class 10.9 kapena 12.9) chokonzedwa mu mawonekedwe ozungulira a boluti a mainchesi 2-3.Bolodi iliyonse iyenera kusunga chisanadze katundu wofunikira — nthawi zambiri 60-70% ya katundu wovomerezeka wa bolodi, wofanana ndi 400-600 kN ya bolodi ya M48 Class 10.9 — kuti iteteze mpikisano wa bearing kuti usanyamuke pamwamba pa malo oikira pansi pa nthawi yogubuduzika yomwe yapangidwa pamene chotsukira cha fosholo chadzaza ndi kutambasulidwa mokwanira. Ngati chisanadze katundu sichikugwirizana, mpikisano wa bearing umakumana ndi kupsinjika kosagwirizana, ndipo mpikisano umasokonekera pamalopo pansi pa katundu — zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zozungulira zilowerere pamwamba pa mpikisano, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera komwe kumapitirira mpaka kulephera kwathunthu kwa bearing mkati mwa maola 2,000-5,000 ogwira ntchito.

Vuto la kusasinthasintha kwa kunyamula katundu: njira zolumikizira torque zimayika torque ku mutu wa bolt kapena nati, ndipo ubale pakati pa torque yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya bolt yomwe imabwera chifukwa chake umadalira kuchuluka kwa kukangana pa malo awiri - kulumikizana kwa ulusi ndi kulumikizana kwa under-head (kapena under-nati).Ubale wa mphamvu ndi mphamvu: T = K × F × d, pomwe T imagwiritsidwa ntchito mphamvu, K ndiye nut factor (nthawi zambiri 0.15-0.22 pa ulusi wachitsulo wothira mafuta), F ndiye mphamvu ya bolt yomwe imachokera, ndipo d ndiye m'mimba mwake wa bolt. Vuto ndilakuti K si yokhazikika - imasiyana pakati pa mabolts kutengera kutha kwa ulusi pamwamba, momwe mafuta amakhalira, ngati bolt idagwiritsidwanso ntchito kale (ulusi wogwiritsidwanso ntchito uli ndi K yapamwamba chifukwa kusakhazikika kwa pamwamba kwaphwanyidwa), komanso ngati pali zinyalala mu ulusi.Kuyerekeza koyenera kwa kusintha kwa K m'mikhalidwe yamunda ndi +/-15-25%, zomwe zikutanthauza mwachindunji kusintha kwa +/-15-25% mu bolt preload pa torque yomweyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pa boluti yomwe imafuna 500 kN preload yokhala ndi K ya 0.18 pa d ya 48mm: T = 0.18 × 500,000 × 0.048 = 4,320 Nm. Ngati K imasiyana pakati pa 0.15 ndi 0.22 kudutsa bwalo la boluti, torque yomweyo ya 4,320 Nm imapanga preloads kuyambira 410 kN mpaka 600 kN - kufalikira kwa 46% pakati pa maboluti omasuka komanso olimba kwambiri.VDI 2230miyezo yowerengera ma bolt joint systematic, kulimbitsa kolamulidwa ndi torque kumakwaniritsa kufalikira kwa +/-25-35% ngakhale pansi pa mikhalidwe yolamulidwa ya labotale, ndipo mikhalidwe yamunda nthawi zambiri imawonjezera izi kufika pa +/-35-50%.

Kukanikiza kwa Bolt ya Hydraulic: Momwe Kutambasula Mwachindunji Kumachotsera Kusintha kwa Kukangana

Kukanikiza kwa boti la hydraulic kumadutsa kusintha kwa torque-to-tension kwathunthu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya hydraulic ku tensioner yomwe imakoka mwachindunji boti stud, ndikuyitambasula mozungulira.Chotenthetsera chimakhala ndi silinda ya hydraulic yokhala ndi chokokera cha ulusi chomwe chimakulungidwa pa chowonjezera cha bolt stud (bolt iyenera kukhala ndi ulusi wowonekera pamwamba pa nati wofanana ndi bolt imodzi m'mimba mwake kuti chotenthetsera chigwire), mlatho womwe umalimbana ndi malo olumikizirana, ndi soketi yomwe imalola nati kuti igwetsedwe pansi ndi dzanja bolt itatambasulidwa. Njira yogwirira ntchito: chotenthetsera chimayikidwa pa bolt, kupanikizika kwa hydraulic kumayikidwa pamtengo wotchulidwa (wowerengedwa kuchokera kudera la piston logwira ntchito la chotenthetsera), bolt imatambasulidwa mozungulira (0.1-0.3mm ya kutalika kwa mabolt wamba odulira slewing), nati imatsitsidwa pansi mwamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito soketi kudzera m'thupi la chotenthetsera, kupanikizika kwa hydraulic kumatulutsidwa, ndipo bolt imayesa kubwerera kutalika kwake koyambirira - koma natiyo imaletsa, ndikupanga kuyika koyamba komwe kwatchulidwa mu bolt.

Kulondola kwa kuyika mphamvu ya hydraulic: +/-5-10%, poyerekeza ndi +/-25-35% pa njira zolumikizirana ndi torque.Kulondola kumeneku kumachokera ku mfundo yakuti mphamvu ya bolt imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya hydraulic, yomwe imayesedwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi +/-1-2% molondola pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera mphamvu ya pampu yokakamiza kapena chosinthira mphamvu. Modulus yotanuka ya bolt (modulus ya Young, 207 GPa ya chitsulo chosungunuka) imagwirizana mkati mwa +/-2% ya mabolts ochokera ku malo omwewo ochiritsira kutentha. Chosintha chokhacho ndi kutalika kogwira ntchito bwino (kutalika kwa bolt pakati pa nati ndi ulusi woyamba wolumikizidwa), womwe umasiyana ndi +/-3-5% kutengera kuya kwa mphamvu ya ulusi ndi kutalika kwa mphamvu ya bolt.Cholakwika chotsalira mu preload yolimba chimachokera ku magwero awiri:(1) kupumula kwa bolt pambuyo potulutsa mphamvu (cholumikizira chimakanikiza pamene cholumikizira chachotsedwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya bolt ndi 5-10% — zomwe zimachitika poika mphamvu yochulukirapo ya 5-10% panthawi yolumikizira mphamvu), ndi (2) kuyanjana kwa bolt yoyandikana nayo (bolt yolumikizira mphamvu #2 imachepetsa mphamvu mu bolt #1 ndi 10-15% chifukwa mphamvu ya bolt #2 imakanikiza kwambiri bolt yopumula, yopumula #1 — yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi njira zolumikizira mphamvu 3-4).ASME PCC-1Malangizo ogwirizanitsa ma bolt joint, hydraulic tensioning ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yolumikizira ma bolt okulirapo omwe amafunikira kulondola kwa +/-10% kapena kupitirira apo.

Kuthamanga kwa Mapasi: Ndondomeko ya Mapasi 3-4 Palibe Amene Akufuna Kuchita Koma Aliyense Amafunikira

Kuthamanga kamodzi kokha — komwe bolt iliyonse imakakamizidwa kamodzi kuzungulira bwalo — kumabweretsa kusintha kwa 30-50% chifukwa bolt iliyonse yotsatizana yokakamizidwa imakanikiza cholumikizira ndikumasula mabolt omwe adakakamizidwa kale.Kachitidwe kake: pamene bolt #1 yakakamizidwa kufika pa 500 kN, imakanikiza cholumikizira pafupi ndi bolt #1. Pamene bolt #2 (yoyandikana ndi bolt #1) yakakamizidwa, kukanikiza kwina kwa cholumikizira m'dera lomwe lili pakati pa mabolt #1 ndi #2 kumapangitsa kuti makulidwe a cholumikizira m'dera la bolt #1 achepe pang'ono - kuchepetsa kukanikiza kwa bolt #1 ndi pafupifupi 10-15%. Pamene kukanikiza kukupita mozungulira bwalo, bolt iliyonse imataya kukanikiza pang'onopang'ono, ndipo bolt yoyamba yokakamizidwa imataya kwambiri - nthawi zambiri imatha pa 50-60% ya kukanikiza kwake koyamba mabolt onse m'bwalo atakanizidwa.

Njira yolondola yolumikizira mphamvu: 3-4 imadutsa mozungulira bwalo la bolt, pomwe yoyamba imadutsa pa 50-60% ya mphamvu yomaliza kuti ikhale pamalo olumikizirana, ndipo pambuyo pake imadutsa pa mphamvu yomaliza ya 100%.Kudutsa 1: kukanikiza mabotolo onse kufika pa 60% ya kunyamula komaliza (monga, 300 kN ya 500 kN specification) — izi zimayika pang'ono cholumikizira ndipo zimachepetsa mphamvu yopumula m'mabwalo otsatira. Kudutsa 2: kukanikiza mabotolo onse kufika pa 100% yomaliza kunyamula (500 kN). Kudutsa 3: kukanikizanso mabotolo onse kufika pa 100% yomaliza kunyamula — kudutsa kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumabwezeretsa mphamvu ya 10-15% m'mabwalo oyamba omwe adapumula panthawi ya 2, ndipo mphamvu yopumula mu 3 imachepetsedwa kufika pa 3-5% chifukwa cholumikizira tsopano chili bwino. Kudutsa 4 (ngati mukufuna koma ndikulimbikitsidwa pa zolumikizira zofunika): kukanikizanso mphamvu kufika pa 100% ndikutsimikizira kuti palibe botolo lomwe limataya mphamvu yoposa 5% pakati pa kukanikiza ndi muyeso wotsimikizira (pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound bolt elongation gauge ngati ilipo).Yining Hydraulic, njira zathu zokhazikitsira makina oyendetsera zitsulo zomangira zitsulo zimaphatikizapo njira yokakamiza yolumikizira zitsulo zomangira ...

Kukonzekera kwa Bolt: Zinthu Zitatu Zomwe Zimasintha Njira Yabwino Yotsekereza Mtima Kukhala Cholumikizira Cholephera

Ngakhale ndi mphamvu ya hydraulic tensioning, zinthu zitatu zokonzekera bolt zimatha kuchepetsa kudzaza kwenikweni mpaka 50-70% ya mtengo womwe watchulidwa, ndipo zonse zitatu nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa panthawi yokhazikitsa.Chinthu choyamba: mafuta odzola ulusi — ulusi wa bolt ndi pamwamba pa nati ziyenera kudzola mafuta ofunikira (nthawi zambiri molybdenum disulfide phala, anti-seize compound, kapena mafuta ofunikira a wopanga bolt) kuti ulusi ukhale wolimba nthawi zonse panthawi yogwirana. Ulusi wouma kapena ulusi wodzola mafuta osiyana ndi omwe atchulidwa amasintha kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka ndikusintha kukana kwa nati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti natiyo ipumule pang'ono panthawi yogwirana. Chinthu chachiwiri: kutalika kwa kugwira bolt — shank yosalumikizidwa ya bolt pakati pa mutu ndi ulusi woyamba wolumikizidwa iyenera kukhala osachepera nthawi 3-4 kuposa kukula kwa bolt kuti bolt itambasulidwe momasuka ndi liwiro loyenera la kasupe. Bolt yokhala ndi kutalika kochepera kawiri kwa kukula kwake imakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu la kasupe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imafuna mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu kuti italikirane mofanana ndipo imakhala yomasuka kwambiri. Chinthu chachitatu: kusalala kwa pamwamba pa bolt — malo oyika pansi pa mutu wa bolt ndi nati ayenera kukhala athyathyathya mkati mwa 0.1mm pamwamba pa kukula kwa bearing. Malo osasalala amachititsa kuti bolt ipindike komanso kuti bolt isamavutike kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya bolt yonyamula katundu komanso nthawi yotopetsa ndi 30-50%.

Kutsimikizira pambuyo pa kupsinjika: kuyika kwa bolt patsogolo kungatsimikizidwe poyesa kutalika kwa bolt ndi ultrasound bolt gauge (njira ya pulse-echo, kuyeza nthawi yobwerera ya ultrasound pulse kudzera muutali wa bolt).Kuyeza kutalika kwa mphamvu ya bolt isanayambe komanso itatha kupanikizika kumapereka mphamvu yeniyeni ya bolt, yomwe imachulukitsidwa ndi dera la bolt ndipo modulus ya Young imapereka mphamvu yeniyeni yoyambira. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yoyezera mwachindunji ya bolt yomwe yaikidwa - kuyesa mphamvu ya bolt (kuyang'ana mphamvu yoyambira) sikukugwirizana ndi kudzaza mphamvu ya bolt ikangokhazikika chifukwa kugwedezeka kwa static (mphamvu yoyambira) kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu panthawi yolimbitsa.Yining Hydraulic, tikupangira kutsimikizira kutalika kwa bolt pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound kwa ma bolt odulira slewing pa mafosholo amigodi okhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 2.5, pomwe kuyika zinthu mosagwirizana kumayambitsa kuyika zinthu mosagwirizana komwe sikungadziwike mpaka kulephera kwa bearing. Onaninso malangizo athu pakuphatikiza ndi kuyika ma gearbox a slewingkuti mupeze malangizo owonjezera a bolt joint.

Maumboni akunja: Kuwerengera kwa VDI 2230 Bolt Joint · Ma Bolt Joint a ASME PCC-1 · Kugawa kwa DNV · Machitidwe a Hydraulic a ISO 4413 · SAE International · Miyezo ya AGMA · Malamulo a ABS

Chenjezo lomaliza kuchokera pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu zomwe munayamba kugwiritsa ntchito slewing drive: musagwiritsenso ntchito mabotolo oikamo slewing bearing atachotsedwa. Mabotolo omwe aikidwamo slewing yonse amasinthidwa pulasitiki mu ulusi woyamba wolumikizidwa, ndipo kubwezeretsanso mphamvu ya botolo lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito kumabweretsa mphamvu ya preload yosayembekezereka - nthawi zambiri 15-25% yotsika kuposa botolo latsopano chifukwa cha mphamvu ya tension yomweyi - chifukwa malo osinthira pulasitiki awonjezera kutalika kwa clamping kogwira ntchito.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza boluti yopangira slewing bearing, malangizo a zida zogwirira slewing, kapena kutsimikizira kapangidwe ka boluti, funsani gulu lathu la mainjiniya ku Yining Hydraulic — tili ndi zida zogwirira slewing ndi zikalata zoyendetsera zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa mtundu wanu wa slewing drive.