Te Whakapūmau i te Pūwero Whero me te Wīwī Taipana: Ko tēhea Tikanga e Whakarato ana i te Utaina Pūmau mō ngā Ripanga Hurihuri Koro Keri?

He aha te Hiranga o te Ritenga o te Utaina Mua o te Pōro mō ngā Peera Whakamuri: Ko te Raru Utaina Kore Taurite kāore e Kitea e te Tangata Tae noa ki te Rahunga o te Peera

Tekau mā rima tau ahau e hoahoa ana i ngā pūnaha taraiwa slewing ki Yining Hydraulic, ā, ko ngā hononga pūtu slewing te wāhi e kite ana ahau i te āputa whānui rawa atu i waenga i te whāinga whakatakotoranga me te whakatinanatanga mara.Ka mau te whāriki whiu i runga i te tēpu hurihuri koko keri 200-tana e ngā pūtu kaha-teitei 40-60 (ko te tikanga he M42-M56, Akomanga 10.9, 12.9 rānei) kua whakaritea kia rite ki te tauira pūtu porowhita he 2-3 mita te whānui.Me pupuri e ia pūtu he kawenga mua kua tohua — ko te tikanga he 60-70% o te kawenga ārai o te pūtu, e rite ana ki te 400-600 kN mō te pūtu M48 Akomanga 10.9 — kia kore ai e ara ake te reihi peera i te mata whakairi i raro i te wā hurihuri i puta mai i te wā e utaina katoatia ana te koko me te toronga. Mena he koretake te kawenga mua, ka pāngia te reihi peera e te pēhanga pā koretake, ā, ka rerekē te ahua o te reihi i raro i te kawenga — ka hangaia he āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te "brinelling" ka whakatōkia e ngā huānga hurihuri te mata reihi, ka tīmata te pakaru ka haere tonu ki te rahunga katoa o te peera i roto i te 2,000-5,000 hāora whakahaere.

Te raruraru ōrite o te utaina mua: ka whakamahia e ngā tikanga kī taipana te taipana ki te pane o te pūtu, ki te nati rānei, ā, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te taipana kua whakamahia me te kume o te pūtu ka whakawhirinaki ki te tauwehenga waku i ngā atanga e rua — te pa o te miro me te pa o raro i te pane (raro rānei i te nati).Ko te whanaungatanga taipana-kumetanga: T = K × F × d, ko T te taipana e whakamahia ana, ko K te tauwehe nati (ko te tikanga he 0.15-0.22 mō ngā miro maitai kua whakahinuhinuhia), ko F te kumetanga pūtu e hua mai ana, ā, ko d te diameter pūtu ingoa. Ko te raruraru, ehara a K i te pūmau — ka rerekē i waenga i ngā pūtu i runga i te mutunga o te mata o te miro, te āhua whakahinuhinu, mēnā kua whakahinuhinuhia te pūtu i mua (he nui ake te uara K o ngā miro kua whakamahia anō nā te mea kua papatahi te āhua o te mata), me te mēnā he paru kei roto i ngā miro.Ko te whakatau tata tika mō te rerekētanga K i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te mara ko +/-15-25%, e whakawhiti tika ana ki te rerekētanga +/-15-25% o te utaina mua o te pūtu mō te taipana kotahi e whakamahia ana.Mō tētahi pūtu e hiahia ana ki te utaina mua 500 kN me te K o te 0.18 i te d o te 48mm: T = 0.18 × 500,000 × 0.048 = 4,320 Nm. Mena kei waenganui i te 0.15 me te 0.22 te K puta noa i te porowhita pūtu, ka puta mai i te 4,320 Nm o te taipana ngā utaina mua mai i te 410 kN ki te 600 kN — he 46% te horapa i waenga i ngā pūtu tino wetekina me ngā pūtu tino piri. E ai kiVDI 2230I runga i ngā paerewa tatau hononga pūtu pūnaha, ka tutuki i te whakamārō e whakahaerehia ana e te taipana te marara utaina o mua o te +/-25-35% ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga whakahaeretia, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga o te mara ka piki ake i tēnei ki te +/-35-50%.

Te Whakapūmau i te Pūwero Waipēhi: Me pēhea te Totoro Tika e Whakakore ai i te Taurangi Waku

Ka karohia katoatia te tahuritanga o te taipana ki te taipana e te whakakumetanga pūtu waipēhi mā te whakamahi i te pēhanga waipēhi e mōhiotia ana ki te whakakumetanga e kukume tika ana i te pou pūtu, ka totoro kia ngāwari.Ko te whakapūmau he rango waipēhi me te tō miro e whakawiri ana ki te toronga pou pūtu (me whai roa miro kitea te pūtu i runga ake i te nati, kia rite ki te diameter kotahi te pūtu kia mau ai te whakapūmau), he piriti e tautoko ana i te mata hononga, me te pūtu e taea ai te huri i te nati ki raro mā te ringa i muri i te totorotanga o te pūtu. Ko te raupapa mahi: ka tāutahia te whakapūmau ki runga i te pūtu, ka tukuna te pēhanga waipēhi ki te uara kua tohua (ka taea te tatau mai i te horahanga piston whai hua o te whakapūmau), ka totoro te pūtu kia ngāwari (0.1-0.3mm te roa mō ngā pūtu whīra noa), ka hurihia te nati ki raro kia piri ki te maihao mā te whakamahi i te pūtu mā roto i te tinana whakapūmau, ka tukuna te pēhanga waipēhi, ā, ka ngana te pūtu ki te hoki ki tōna roa taketake - engari ka āraia e te nati, ka hangaia te utaina mua kua tohua i roto i te pūtu.

Ko te tika o te utaina mua o te whakapūnga waipēhi: +/-5-10%, ki te whakarite ki te +/-25-35% mō ngā tikanga kī taipana.Ko te tika i ahu mai i te meka ko te kukū o te pūtu e whakahaeretia ana e te pēhanga waipēhi, e inehia ana, e whakahaeretia ana hoki me te tika +/-1-2% e te ine pēhanga, e te ine whakawhiti rānei o te papu kukū. Ko te modulus rapa o te pūtu (te modulus a Young, 207 GPa mō te maitai koranu) he rite tonu i roto i te +/-2% mō ngā pūtu mai i te rota maimoatanga wera kotahi. Ko te taurangi anake ko te roa o te kukū whai hua (te roa o te pūtu i waenga i te nati me te miro tuatahi e mau ana), e rerekē ana i te +/-3-5% i runga i te hohonu o te mau miro me te roa o te pupuri pūtu.E rua ngā pūtake o te hapa toenga i roto i te utaina mua kua whakamātauria:(1) te whakangāwari o te pūtu i muri i te tukunga o te kume (ka pēhi te hononga ina tangohia te whakangāwari, ka whakaiti i te kume o te pūtu mā te 5-10% — ka puta mā te whakamahi i te kume nui rawa atu mā te 5-10% i te wā e pēhi ana), me (2) te taunekeneke pūtu tata (ka whakaitihia e te pūtu kume #2 te kume i roto i te pūtu #1 mā te 10-15% nā te mea ka pēhi ake te kume o te pūtu #2 i te hononga, ka whakangāwari i te pūtu #1 — ka whakatikahia mā te 3-4 ngā pēhi kume). Mō iaASME PCC-1E ai ki ngā aratohu huihuinga hononga pūtu, ko te whakapūmau waipēhi te tikanga pai mō ngā hononga pūtu nui te whānui e hiahia ana kia tika te utaina i mua i te +/-10%, pai ake rānei.

Ngā Pāhi Whakapūmau: Te Tikanga Pāhi 3-4 Kāore tetahi e hiahia ana ki te mahi engari e hiahiatia ana e te katoa

Kotahi te nekehanga kume — ina kumehia ia pūtu huri noa i te porowhita — ka puta he rerekētanga utaina o mua o te 30-50% nā te mea ka pēhia te hononga e ia pūtu e kumehia ana, ā, ka whakangāwari i ngā pūtu kua kumehia i mua.Te tikanga: ina kumea te pūtu #1 ki te 500 kN, ka pēhia te hononga huri noa i te pūtu #1. Ina kumea te pūtu #2 (e tata ana ki te pūtu #1), mā te pēhanga tāpiri o te hononga i te rohe i waenganui i ngā pūtu #1 me te #2 ka paku heke te matotoru o te hononga i roto i te rohe kume o te pūtu #1 — ka whakaitihia te kume o te pūtu #1 mā te 10-15% pea. I te haere tonu o te kume huri noa i te porowhita, ka ngaro haere te kume o ia pūtu, ā, ko te pūtu tuatahi i kumea te mea tino ngaro — ko te tikanga ka mutu i te 50-60% o tōna kume tuatahi i muri i te kume o ngā pūtu katoa i roto i te porowhita.

Ko te tikanga whakatōtika tika: 3-4 ngā tukunga huri noa i te porowhita pūtu, ko te tukunga tuatahi i te 50-60% o te tōtika whakamutunga hei whakau i te hononga, ā, ko ngā tukunga o muri mai i te 100% o te tōtika whakamutunga.Haerenga 1: kumehia ngā pūtu katoa ki te 60% o te utaina mua whakamutunga (hei tauira, 300 kN mō te whakatakotoranga 500 kN) — mā tēnei ka noho te hononga ki tētahi wāhanga, ā, ka whakaitihia te pānga whakangā i ngā haerenga e whai ake nei. Haerenga 2: kumehia ngā pūtu katoa ki te 100% utaina mua whakamutunga (500 kN). Haerenga 3: kumehia anō ngā pūtu katoa ki te 100% utaina mua whakamutunga — mā tēnei haerenga ka whakahokia mai te 10-15% o te kume i roto i ngā pūtu o te haurua tuatahi i whakangā i te haerenga 2, ā, ka whakaitihia te pānga whakangā i te haerenga 3 ki te 3-5% nā te mea kua tino noho te hononga. Haerenga 4 (whiringa engari e taunakitia ana mō ngā hononga nui): kumehia anō ki te 100%, ā, manatokohia kāore he pūtu e ngaro ana i te neke atu i te 5% o te kume i waenga i te kume me te ine manatoko (mā te whakamahi i te ine whakaroa pūtu ultrasonic mēnā e wātea ana). IYining Hydraulic, kei roto i ā mātou tikanga tāutanga puku wero he kawa whakapūmau 4-haerenga mō ngā hononga pūtu whīra katoa i runga i ngā taputapu keri, ā, ka whakaratohia e mātou te papu whakapūmau, te whakapūmau, me ngā tuhinga tukanga mō ia tukunga puku wero.

Te Whakarite Pūtu: Ngā Take e Toru hei Huri i te Tukanga Whakapūmau Tino Pai hei Hononga Raru

Ahakoa te whakatōtō waipēhi, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga whakarite pūtu e toru te whakaiti i te kawenga mua ki te 50-70% o te uara kua tohua, ā, ka warewarehia ēnei e toru i te wā e tāuta ana i te mara.Take tuatahi: whakahinuhinu miro — me whakahinuhinu ngā miro pūtu me te mata o te nati ki te whakahinuhinu kua tohua (ko te nuinga he whakapiri molybdenum disulfide, he matū ārai-hopu, he whakahinuhinu rānei kua tūtohutia e te kaihanga pūtu) kia rite ai te waku o te miro i te wā e whakatōtō ana. Ko ngā miro maroke, ko ngā miro rānei kua whakatōtōhia ki tētahi whakahinuhinu rerekē i te mea kua tohua ka huri i te tauwehenga waku me te whakarerekē i te ātete o te nati ki te heke, ka wetekina te nati i te wā e tukuna ana te taumahatanga. Take tuarua: te roa o te pupuri pūtu — ko te kakau kore miro o te pūtu i waenganui i te pane me te miro tuatahi e mau ana me 3-4 ngā wā neke atu i te diameter o te pūtu kia totoro te pūtu me te tere puna tika. He tino teitei te tere puna o te pūtu he iti iho i te 2 ngā wā neke atu te roa o te pupuri, ko te tikanga me nui ake te kaha whakatōtō mō te roanga kotahi, ā, he tairongo ake ki te whakangā. Take tuatoru: te papatahi o te mata hononga — me papatahi ngā mata whakairi i raro i te pane pūtu me te nati i roto i te 0.1mm i runga ake i te diameter o te peera. Ka puta te ahotea piko i roto i te pūtu i te mata kore-papatahi, me te ahotea kume hoki, ka whakaiti i te kawenga-mua me te roa o te ora ngenge o te pūtu mā te 30-50%.

Manatoko i muri i te whakatōtō: ka taea te manatoko i te utaina o mua o te pūtu mā te ine i te roa o te pūtu me te ine pūtu ultrasonic (tikanga pulse-echo, te ine i te wā haere-hoki o te pulse ultrasonic i roto i te roa o te pūtu).Mā te ine i te roanga i mua me muri i te whakatōtō ka puta te taumahatanga tuturu o te pūtu, ka whakareatia ki te horahanga whakawhiti o te pūtu, ā, mā te modulus a Young ka puta te utaina mua tuturu. Koinei anake te tikanga ine tika mō te utaina mua o te pūtu kua tāutahia — kāore te ine taipana (te tirotiro i te taipana whati) e hono ki te utaina mua ina oti te whakatōtō te pūtu nā te mea he teitei ake te waku pumau (taipana whati) i te waku hihiri i te wā e whakatōtō ana. IYining Hydraulic, ka tūtohu mātou kia whakamahia te manatoko whakaroa pūtu ultrasonic mō ngā pūtu whīra i runga i ngā koko keri me ngā diameter o te tēpu hurihuri neke atu i te 2.5 mita, ina kore e ōrite te utaina o mua ka puta he uta whīra kāore e kitea kia tīmata rā anō te pakaru o te whīra. Tirohia hoki tā mātou aratohu mōte whakaurunga me te whakairi o te pouaka miihini slewingmō te arataki tāpiri mō ngā hononga pūtu.

Ngā Tohutoro o Waho: Tātaitanga Hononga Pūtu VDI 2230 · Ngā Hononga Whakapūmau ASME PCC-1 · Whakarōpūtanga DNV · Ngā Pūnaha Waipēhi ISO 4413 · SAE International · Ngā Paerewa AGMA · Ngā Ture ABS

Kotahi te whakatūpato whakamutunga mai i ngā tau tekau mā rima o te whakatūnga o te puku whiu: kaua rawa e whakamahi anō i ngā pūtu whīra whiu i muri i te tangohanga. Ko ngā pūtu kua utaina katoatia ka huri te āhua kirihou i roto i ngā miro tuatahi e mau ana, ā, ko te whakatōtika anō i te pūtu kua whakamahia ka puta he utaina kore e taea te matapae - he 15-25% te iti iho i te pūtu hou mō te pēhanga whakatōtika kotahi - nā te mea kua whakanuia e te rohe hurihanga kirihou te roa o te piri whai hua.

Mō ngā whakatakotoranga pūtu whīra slewing, ngā taunakitanga taputapu whakapūmau, te manatoko hoahoa hononga pūtu ritenga rānei, whakapā atu ki tā mātou tīma hangarau i Yining Hydraulic — kua rite ā mātou taputapu whakapūmau me ngā tuhinga tukanga mō tō tauira taraiwa slewing motuhake.