Tayar Sarkar Anga Winch Bayani dalla-dalla DIN 766 764 ISO | Yining Hydraulic
TL;DR - Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Bukata
- Tayoyin sarka na DIN 766 (gajeren haɗin) da DIN 764 (mai haɗin dogon) ba su dace da juna ba — girman aljihun ya bambanta da kusan kashi 33% kuma shigar da sarkar da ba daidai ba yana haifar da saurin lalacewa ta sprocket, ɗaure sarka, da yuwuwar tsalle a ƙarƙashin kaya.
- Taurin kayan sarkar ta HRC 45-50 tare da gefen haƙoran da aka taurare shi ne mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai don aikace-aikacen winch na anga na ruwa— kayan da suka yi laushi (ƙasa da HRC 40) suna nuna yadda aljihu ke lalacewa bayan zagaye 500-800 a cikin yanayin fesa gishiri.
- Tayoyin sarka na ISO 16726 sun dace da girman DIN 766 don diamita na sarka gama gari (13mm-26mm), amma ma'aunin ISO ya ƙayyade juriya mai tsauri ga aljihu (+0.3mm idan aka kwatanta da +0.5mm na DIN)— ma'ana tayoyin da aka ƙima da ISO suna aiki da sarkar DIN, amma tayoyin DIN bazai cika buƙatun juriyar ISO ba.
Me Ya Sa "Tayar Sarkar Daidaito" Ba Tabbataccen Bayani Ba Ne Na Gabaɗaya — Ka'idoji Uku Masu Gasa
Na shafe shekaru goma sha biyar ina tsara tsarin winch na hydraulic a Yining Hydraulic, kuma kuskuren da ya fi tsada da na fuskanta a lokacin siyan winch na anga shine zato cewa "tayar sarka ta yau da kullun" tana nufin abu ɗaya a duk masana'antun.Akwai manyan ƙa'idodi guda uku na sarka da ake amfani da su a duniya — DIN 766, DIN 764, da ISO 16726/ISO 67 — kuma tayoyin sarka da aka tsara don ma'auni ɗaya ba za su yi aiki lafiya da sarka daga wani ma'auni ba.Bambance-bambancen ba na kwalliya ba ne: sun haɗa da matakin aljihu, diamita na tushen, kusurwar bayanin haƙori, da kuma rabon diamita na sarka da matakin da ke ƙayyade yadda sarkar ke haɗa aljihun tayoyin.
DIN 766 shine ma'aunin gajeriyar hanyar haɗi da aka ƙirƙira da farko don ɗagawa gabaɗaya da aikace-aikacen ruwa. Sigar da aka ƙayyade: siginar tana daidai da kusan sau 6 diamita na sarkar (6d). Wannan tazara mai tsauri ta hanyar haɗin haɗi yana haɓaka yankin hulɗar sarkar-da-ƙafa, yana rarraba kaya a kan haƙora da yawa kuma yana rage damuwar haƙori ɗaya. DIN 764 shine ma'aunin dogon hanyar haɗi inda siginar take daidai da kusan sau 8 diamita na sarkar (8d). Tsawon tazara ta hanyar haɗin haɗi yana rage nauyin sarkar a kowace mita kuma yana ba da damar manyan sarkar diamita su naɗe a kusa da ƙafafun radius masu ƙarfi. ISO 16726 (da ISO 67 mai alaƙa don sarƙoƙin jingina) suna ƙoƙarin daidaita waɗannan ƙa'idodi a duniya amma suna gabatar da ƙananan bambance-bambancen girma waɗanda ke shafar daidaito.
Sakamakon amfani na ƙa'idodin haɗawa: idan kun shigar da sarkar DIN 766 akan tayoyin sarkar DIN 764 (ko akasin haka), hanyoyin sarkar ba za su cika zama a cikin aljihun tayoyin ba.Haɗin za su hau kan gefunan aljihu maimakon ƙasan aljihu, suna mai da hankali kan haɗin layi maimakon haɗin saman. Sakamakon shine saurin lalacewa a gefen aljihu, lalacewar haɗin sarka, da kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, tsalle-tsalle a sarka inda sarkar ke fitowa daga aljihun da aka ɗora. Na yi bincike kan garanti inda tushen matsalar lalacewar ƙafafun sarka ta kasance sarkar DIN 764 da mai kula da jirgin ruwa ya saya don maye gurbin sarkar DIN 766 da ta lalace saboda "diamita ɗin yayi kama da ɗaya." A cewarTakardun ƙa'idodin DIN, har ma da sarƙoƙi masu diamita iri ɗaya (misali, 16mm) daga ma'auni daban-daban suna da buƙatun yanayin lissafi daban-daban.
Tushen Tsarin Tayar Sarka: Diamita na Faranti, Diamita na Waje, da Diamita na Tushen
Ana bayyana tayoyin sarka (wanda kuma ake kira da wildcat ko sarkar sprocket) da diamita mai mahimmanci guda uku: diamita mai faɗi (Dp), diamita ta waje (Da), da diamita ta tushe (Df).Diamita na siffa shine diamita na da'irar ka'ida wadda hanyoyin haɗin sarkar ke bayyana yayin da suke naɗewa a kan ƙafafun - shine diamita mai aiki wanda ke ƙayyade saurin sarkar don RPM na ƙafafun da aka bayar. Ana auna diamita na waje a kan ƙarshen haƙori kuma shine mafi girman diamita na ƙafafun. Ana auna diamita na tushen a ƙasan aljihun da ke tsakanin haƙora.Ana ƙididdige diamita na ramin kamar Dp = P / sin(180/Z), inda P shine matakin sarka (tazara tsakanin hanyoyin haɗi) kuma Z shine adadin aljihu (haƙora) akan ƙafafun.Ga sarkar DIN 766 mai diamita 16mm da rabon bugun 6:1, bugun 96mm ne, kuma tayoyin aljihu 5 suna da Dp = 96mm / sin(digiri 36) = 163.5mm.
Aljihun da kansa yana da ma'auni guda uku masu mahimmanci: faɗin aljihu (dole ne ya dace da faɗin hanyar haɗin sarka da kuma sharewar gudu ta 0.5-1.5mm), zurfin aljihu (dole ne ya dace da diamita na hanyar haɗin tare da 1-2mm don share tarkace), da kuma kusurwar ramin aljihu (dole ne ya dace da kusurwar ramin sarka daidai don hana rashin daidaito tsakanin haɗi da aljihu).Juriyar faɗin aljihu ita ce mafi mahimmanci - matsewa sosai kuma sarkar tana ɗaure yayin haɗuwa; tana da sassauƙa sosai kuma sarkar tana yawo a gefe, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar haƙori mara daidaito.Daidaitaccen jurewar faɗin aljihu ga ƙafafun winch na ruwa shine +0.3mm zuwa +0.8mm sama da faɗin hanyar haɗin sarkar mara suna.
Bayanin Sarkar DIN 766: Ma'aunin Haɗin Gajeren Hanya da ake Amfani da shi a Aikace-aikacen Ruwa na Turai
DIN 766 shine babban ma'aunin sarkar don winch na ruwa na asali daga Turai kuma mafi yawan winch na Yining Hydraulic an ƙera su ne don kasuwannin Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya.Ma'aunin ya ƙayyade alaƙar da ke tsakanin diamita na sarkar (d) da girman haɗin: firam (t) = 6d, faɗin ciki (b1) = 3.5d ga girman sarkar ruwa na gama gari. Ga sarkar DIN 766 mai girman 16mm: firam = 96mm, faɗin ciki = 56mm, tsawon ciki = 80mm. Haƙurin da ke kan firam shine +0.033d — ma'ana ga sarkar 16mm, haƙurin firam shine +0.53mm a kan hanyar haɗi.
Tsarin tayoyin sarka don DIN 766 yana buƙatar aljihu wanda ke ɗaukar cikakken bayanin hanyar haɗin: hanyar haɗin kwance tana zaune a cikin aljihun tare da dogon layinsa da aka daidaita da tsarin ƙafafun, yayin da hanyar haɗin tsaye (wanda ke haɗa hanyoyin haɗin kwance kusa) ta rata tsakanin haƙori.Dole ne haƙorin ya samar da isasshen sarari don hanyar haɗin tsaye don shiga da fita daga aljihun ba tare da tsangwama ba yayin da ƙafafun ke juyawa.Yin amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, an tsara winch ɗinmu na jerin IYM tare da tsarin aljihu na DIN 766 a matsayin tsoho, tare da geometry na aljihu na DIN 764 da ISO kamar yadda aka ƙayyade zaɓuɓɓuka. An ƙera ƙafafun sarkar daga ƙarfe mai ƙarfe na 42CrMo, an kashe shi kuma an daidaita shi zuwa HRC 45-50, tare da gefunan haƙoran da aka taurare zuwa HRC 55-58 don juriya ga lalacewa.
Bayanin Sarkar DIN 764: Ma'aunin Dogon Haɗi don Aikace-aikacen Diamita Mai Girma
DIN 764 ya ƙayyade tsawon rabon girma-zuwa-diamita (8d) idan aka kwatanta da DIN 766 (6d), yana samar da sarƙoƙi waɗanda suka fi tsayi kusan kashi 33% a kowace mahaɗi don diamita ɗaya na sarkar.Wannan tsayin daka yana da amfani guda biyu: yana rage nauyin sarka a kowace mita (ƙarancin hanyoyin haɗi a kowace mita yana nufin ƙarancin nauyin ƙarfe), kuma yana ba da damar sarkar ta naɗe a kusa da ƙananan ƙafafun radius (mai tsayin daka zai iya bayyana a kan lanƙwasa mai tsauri ba tare da ɗaurewa ba). Don aikace-aikacen inda winch ɗin anga dole ne ya riƙe babban sarkar diamita (20mm+) amma jirgin yana da iyakataccen sararin daji, yanayin tsayin daka na DIN 764 shine zaɓin da aka fi so.
Tsarin aljihun tayoyin sarka na DIN 764 ya bambanta sosai da DIN 766: aljihun ya fi tsayi (don ɗaukar dogon hanyar haɗin), ya fi zurfi (saboda kusurwar haɗin da ke shiga aljihun ba ta da ƙarfi sosai), kuma yanayin haƙori ya fi buɗewa don ba da damar dogon hanyar haɗin tsaye ta share.Tarkon siyayya gama gari: Masana'antun China wani lokacin suna ambaton "ƙafafun sarkar DIN" ba tare da ƙayyade 766 ko 764 ba, suna ɗauka cewa mai siye yana son rashin daidaito na cikin gida (wanda yawanci shine DIN 764 a kasuwar China).Mai siye yana karɓar tayoyin DIN 764 don sarkar DIN 766 ɗinsa da kuma saman rashin jituwa yayin shigarwa. Ina ba da shawarar sosai a ƙayyade ainihin diamita na ma'auni da sarkar akan odar siyan, ba tare da dogaro da kalmar "daidaitacce" ba.ISO 16726:2018Takaddun ƙa'idodin ƙafafun sarkar, ma'aunin yana buƙatar alamar takamaiman ma'aunin sarkar da diamita akan ƙafafun kanta.
Tayoyin Sarka na ISO 16726: Yadda Ma'aunin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ke Bambanta da Sigar DIN
ISO 16726 (Jiragen ruwa da fasahar ruwa - Tayoyin sarka don sarƙoƙin anga masu haɗin gwiwa) ma'aunin ƙasa da ƙasa ne wanda ke da nufin haɗa ƙayyadaddun ƙafafun sarka na ƙasa na DIN, JIS, da ƙa'idodin ƙafafun sarka na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsarin duniya guda ɗaya.Ma'aunin ISO ya ƙunshi diamita na sarka daga 12.5mm zuwa 162mm (cikakken kewayon da ya dace da jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci), kuma yana ƙayyade yanayin aljihu, buƙatun kayan aiki, da ka'idojin gwaji. Babban bambanci daga DIN: ISO 16726 ya ƙayyade juriyar aljihu mai tsauri — +0.3mm da DIN na yau da kullun +0.5mm — wanda ke nufin ƙafafun sarka masu bin ISO za su karɓi sarkar DIN (sarkar tana da ɗan ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da aljihun), amma ƙafafun haƙurin DIN ba za su cika sharuɗɗan yarda da ISO ba.
Don siyayya ta zahiri: Tayar sarkar ISO 16726 zaɓi ne mai aminci don amfani tare da sarkar DIN 766 mai diamita iri ɗaya.saboda aljihun ISO yana cikin girman madaurin haƙurin DIN a gefen matsewa. Baya - amfani da ƙafafun DIN tare da sarkar ISO - yana da haɗari saboda ana iya ƙera sarkar ISO zuwa ga juriya mai ƙarfi kuma aljihun ƙafafun DIN na iya samar da isasshen izinin gudu, wanda ke haifar da ɗaurewa a cikin zagaye na farko na 50-100 yayin da sarkar da ƙafafun ke lalacewa a junansu.Yin amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, muna ƙera ƙafafun sarka bisa ga haƙurin ISO 16726 a matsayin tushenmu, tare da DIN 766 da DIN 764 a matsayin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka ƙayyade lokacin da mai aikin jirgin ruwa ke buƙatar daidaito daidai da kayan sarka da ke akwai.
Taurin Kayan Aiki da Maganin Fuskar Sama: Me Yasa Yawan Lalacewar Tayar Sarka Ya Fi Muhimmanci Fiye da Farashi
Tayar sarka ita ce mafi girman abin da ke lalacewa a cikin tsarin winch na anga saboda kowace zagayen ɗagawa/ƙasawa ya haɗa da hulɗar zamewa tsakanin hanyoyin haɗin sarka da aljihun ƙafafun da ke cikin kaya.Tsarin kayan aiki - matakin ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, tsarin sarrafa zafi, da hanyar taurare saman - suna ƙayyade tsawon rayuwar ƙafafun kai tsaye, kuma ƙafafun da ke kashe ƙasa da kashi 20% da farko amma suka lalace cikin shekaru 3 maimakon 10 ba shi da kyau a saka hannun jari.
| Bayanin Kayan Aiki | Taurin Zuciya | Taurin saman | Rayuwar Sabis ta Yau da Kullum | Kudin Dangantaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 42CrMo, an kashe shi + an rage zafi kawai | HRC 35-40 | HRC 35-40 (uniform) | Shekaru 3-5 | Tushe |
| 42CrMo, Q+T + haƙoran da suka taurare | HRC 45-50 | HRC 55-58 (hakora) | Shekaru 8-12 | +15-20% |
| 42CrMo, Q+T + nitrided | HRC 45-50 | HV 700-900 (akwai 0.3mm) | Shekaru 10-15 | +25-30% |
| AISI 4340, Q+T+induction mai tauri | HRC 48-52 | HRC 58-62 (hakora) | Shekaru 12-18 | +40-50% |
Taurarewar gefen haƙori shine wuri mai kyau ga ƙafafun sarkar winch mai rahusa.Tsarin yana dumama da kashe saman haƙori, yana ƙirƙirar akwati mai jure lalacewa mai ƙarfi (HRC 55-58, zurfin 2-4mm) yayin da yake riƙe da core mai ƙarfi da juriya ga tasiri. Taurin zuciyar yana da mahimmanci - idan an taurare dukkan ƙafafun zuwa HRC 55+, zai yi rauni kuma yana iya samun karyewar tasiri lokacin da sarkar ta shiga ƙarƙashin nauyin girgiza.ASTM A391Takamaiman sarkar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, haɗin taurin saman don juriyar lalacewa da kuma taurin zuciya don juriyar tasiri shine tsarin injiniya na yau da kullun don abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin sarkar ruwa.
Maganin saman don kariyar tsatsa: rufin zinc phosphate (ƙasa mai tushe) sai kuma fenti na epoxy marine (kauri na fim ɗin busasshe mai micron 200-300) yana ba da kariya ta tsatsa na shekaru 5-8 a cikin yanayin feshi na gishiri. Ga dandamali da tasoshin ruwa na ƙasashen waje da ke aiki a yankin feshi, ƙarin kariya ta anode na hadaya (zinc ko aluminum anodes da aka ɗaure a cikin gidan sarkar tayoyin) yana ƙara kariya zuwa shekaru 10-15.Karin kudin kariyar tsatsa - kimanin dala 80-120 ga kowace tayoyin sarka - ya kai kimanin kashi 0.5% na kudin maye gurbin tayoyin da wuri saboda tsatsa da ke buƙatar cikakken warwarewa da kuma cire su ta hanyar amfani da crane. At Yin amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, ƙayyadaddun ƙafafun sarkar mu na yau da kullun shine 42CrMo Q+T tare da haƙoran da aka taurare da kuma murfin marine na epoxy - mafi ƙarancin abin da muke ba da shawarar ga duk wani aikace-aikacen winch na marine.
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
- T1: Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙayyadaddun sarkar DIN 766 da DIN 764?
- DIN 766 ya bayyana sarƙoƙi masu gajeren haɗin kai tare da firam = 6d (tazara mai tsauri don matsakaicin hulɗar tayoyin). DIN 764 ya bayyana sarƙoƙi masu dogon haɗin kai tare da firam = 8d (33% hanyoyin haɗin kai masu tsayi, nauyi mai sauƙi a kowace mita, ƙarfin lanƙwasa mai ƙarfi a kowace mita). Tsarin aljihun tayoyin ya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙa'idodi biyu, kuma sarƙoƙi ba sa jituwa tsakanin ƙafafun 766 da 764.
- Q2: Ta yaya zan auna diamita na silinda don tabbatar da dacewa da sarkar ta?
- Diamita na rami (Dp) = P / sin(180/Z), inda P shine matakin sarka (tazarar mahaɗi) kuma Z shine adadin aljihunan da ke kan dabaran. A auna a fadin dabaran a wurin da hanyoyin sarka suka bayyana a cikin aljihunan - wannan shine diamita mai aiki, ba diamita na waje a kan ƙarshen hakori ba. A tabbatar da ma'aunin caliper a tsakiyar benen aljihun, ba ƙarshen hakori ba.
- Q3: Wane irin taurin kayan aiki ake buƙata don ƙafafun sarkar winch a cikin yanayin ruwa?
- Mafi ƙarancin bayani: ƙarfe mai ƙarfe 42CrMo, wanda aka kashe kuma aka daidaita shi zuwa taurin zuciyar HRC 45-50, tare da gefen haƙoran da aka taurare zuwa HRC 55-58 (zurfin 2-4mm). Wannan haɗin yana ba da juriya ga lalacewa a saman tare da taurin tasirin tsakiya. Tayoyin da suka yi laushi (ƙasa da zuciyar HRC 40) suna nuna lalacewa a aljihu bayan zagaye 500-800 a yanayin fesa gishiri.
- T4: Za a iya amfani da tayoyin sarkar DIN 764 tare da sarkar DIN 766 a cikin yanayi na gaggawa?
- A'a. Tayoyin DIN 764 suna da dogayen aljihuna masu zurfi waɗanda aka tsara don sarƙoƙi masu girman 8d. Sarkar DIN 766 (fitilar 6d) ba za ta zauna gaba ɗaya a cikin waɗannan aljihuna ba, wanda ke haifar da haɗuwa ta layi a gefunan aljihu maimakon haɗuwa ta saman ƙasa a kan aljihun. Wannan yana haifar da saurin lalacewa ta gefen aljihu kuma yana haifar da haɗarin tsalle-tsalle a ƙarƙashin kaya. Rashin daidaito na yau da kullun na iya haifar da ɗaure sarka a cikin zagaye 50-100.
- Q5: Wane magani na saman jiki ke ƙara tsawon rayuwar ƙafafun sarka a cikin yanayin feshi na gishiri a cikin ruwa?
- Rufin tushe na zinc phosphate tare da fenti na epoxy marine (micron 200-300 DFT) yana ba da kariya ta tsatsa na tsawon shekaru 5-8. Don aikace-aikacen yankin ruwa/fashewa, ƙara anodes na hadaya (zinc ko aluminum) waɗanda aka ɗaure a kan gidan ƙafafun don kariya ta shekaru 10-15. Kudin maganin saman (US$80-120 a kowace ƙafa) shine kusan 0.5% na farashin maye gurbin da wuri saboda tsatsa.
Nassoshi na Waje: Ma'aunin DIN · ISO 16726:2018 · ASTM A391 · Sarkokin tsayawa na ISO 67 · Rarraba DNV · Dokokin ABS · Rijistar Lloyd
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-20-2026